慈濟大學（後中醫）
104年
英文
第 35 題
📖 題組：
While the left hemisphere in the brain is innately predisposed to specialize for language, there is also evidence of
considerable plasticity in the right hemisphere during the early stages of language development. Under certain circumstances, the
right hemisphere can take over many of the language functions that would normally reside in the left hemisphere.
An impressive illustration is provided by children who have undergone a procedure known as hemispherectomy, in which
one hemisphere of the brain is surgically removed. This procedure is used to treat otherwise intractable cases of epilepsy. In
cases of left hemispherectomy after language acquisition has begun, the children experience an initial period of aphasia.
However, depending on the underlying disease that leads to the epilepsy, some children may reacquire a linguistic system
virtually indistinguishable from that of normal children. They also show many of the developmental patterns of normal language
acquisition. UCLA researchers who have studied many of these children hypothesize that the latent linguistic ability of the right
hemisphere is “freed” by the removal of the diseased left hemisphere, which may have had a strong inhibitory effect before the
surgery.
While the left hemisphere in the brain is innately predisposed to specialize for language, there is also evidence of
considerable plasticity in the right hemisphere during the early stages of language development. Under certain circumstances, the
right hemisphere can take over many of the language functions that would normally reside in the left hemisphere.
An impressive illustration is provided by children who have undergone a procedure known as hemispherectomy, in which
one hemisphere of the brain is surgically removed. This procedure is used to treat otherwise intractable cases of epilepsy. In
cases of left hemispherectomy after language acquisition has begun, the children experience an initial period of aphasia.
However, depending on the underlying disease that leads to the epilepsy, some children may reacquire a linguistic system
virtually indistinguishable from that of normal children. They also show many of the developmental patterns of normal language
acquisition. UCLA researchers who have studied many of these children hypothesize that the latent linguistic ability of the right
hemisphere is “freed” by the removal of the diseased left hemisphere, which may have had a strong inhibitory effect before the
surgery.
Which statement below is true about hemispherectomy?
- A It permanently damages young children’s speaking ability.
- B It causes epilepsy among children.
- C It is a minor brain surgery that helps the brain to track epilepsy.
- D It may trigger the development of a new linguistic system.
思路引導 VIP
如果在一個精密的分工系統中，原本負責核心任務的零件被移除後，系統竟然能透過其他部分恢復正常運轉，這說明了剩下的部分具備什麼樣的特性或可能性？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
大腦的代償機制與可塑性
恭喜你精準地選出了正確答案！這題考驗的是對文章細節的歸納與推論能力，而你成功捕捉到了文章的核心觀念。根據文中提到的「大腦半球切除術」（hemispherectomy），雖然這是一項極為重大的手術，但對於早期階段的兒童來說，由於大腦具有驚人的可塑性（plasticity），右半球能夠在左半球被移除後，接管原本由左半球負責的語言功能。文中特別指出，術後的孩子有可能重新獲得一套與常人無異的語言系統，這正對應了選項 (D) 的描述。
文本陷阱與鑑別點評
▼ 還有更多解析內容
大腦可塑性與語言
💡 幼童大腦具高可塑性，切除左腦後右腦可接替語言功能。
🔗 大腦半球切除術後語言功能重建機制
- 1 左腦病變致癲癇 — 病變左腦抑制右腦的潛在語言能力
- 2 進行大腦切除術 — 外科手術切除病變的單側大腦半球
- 3 解除抑制與陣痛期 — 短暫失語後，右腦潛在能力被釋放
- 4 重塑語言系統 — 幼兒右腦展現可塑性，重新習得語言
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🔄 延伸學習：延伸學習：神經科學中的關鍵期假說與大腦側化功能代償
