分科測驗
105年
英文
第 49 題
📖 題組：
Screaming is one of the primal responses humans share with other animals. Conventional thinking suggests that what sets a scream apart from other sounds is its loudness or high pitch. However, many sounds that are loud and high-pitched do not raise goose bumps like screams can. To find out what makes human screams unique, neuroscientist Luc Arnal and his team examined a bank of sounds containing sentences spoken or screamed by 19 adults. The result shows screams and screamed sentences had a quality called “roughness,” which refers to how fast a sound changes in loudness. While normal speech sounds only have slight differences in loudness—between 4 and 5 Hz, screams can switch very fast, varying between 30 and 150 Hz, thus perceived as being rough and unpleasant. Arnal’s team asked 20 subjects to judge screams as neutral or fearful, and found that the scariest almost always corresponded with roughness. The team then studied how the human brain responds to roughness using fMRI brain scanners. As expected, after hearing a scream, activity increased in the brain’s auditory centers where sound coming into the ears is processed. But the scans also lit up in the amygdala, the brain’s fear center. The amygdala is the area that regulates our emotional and physiological response to danger. When a threat is detected, our adrenaline rises, and our body prepares to react to danger. The study discovered that screams have a similar influence on our body. It also found that roughness isn’t heard when we speak naturally, regardless of the language we use, but it is prevalent in artificial sounds. The most aggravating alarm clocks, car horns, and fire alarms possess high degrees of roughness. One potential application for this research might be to add roughness to alarm sounds to make them more effective, the same way a bad smell is added to natural gas to make it easily detectable. Warning sounds could also be added to electric cars, which are particularly silent, so they can be efficiently detected by pedestrians.
Screaming is one of the primal responses humans share with other animals. Conventional thinking suggests that what sets a scream apart from other sounds is its loudness or high pitch. However, many sounds that are loud and high-pitched do not raise goose bumps like screams can. To find out what makes human screams unique, neuroscientist Luc Arnal and his team examined a bank of sounds containing sentences spoken or screamed by 19 adults. The result shows screams and screamed sentences had a quality called “roughness,” which refers to how fast a sound changes in loudness. While normal speech sounds only have slight differences in loudness—between 4 and 5 Hz, screams can switch very fast, varying between 30 and 150 Hz, thus perceived as being rough and unpleasant. Arnal’s team asked 20 subjects to judge screams as neutral or fearful, and found that the scariest almost always corresponded with roughness. The team then studied how the human brain responds to roughness using fMRI brain scanners. As expected, after hearing a scream, activity increased in the brain’s auditory centers where sound coming into the ears is processed. But the scans also lit up in the amygdala, the brain’s fear center. The amygdala is the area that regulates our emotional and physiological response to danger. When a threat is detected, our adrenaline rises, and our body prepares to react to danger. The study discovered that screams have a similar influence on our body. It also found that roughness isn’t heard when we speak naturally, regardless of the language we use, but it is prevalent in artificial sounds. The most aggravating alarm clocks, car horns, and fire alarms possess high degrees of roughness. One potential application for this research might be to add roughness to alarm sounds to make them more effective, the same way a bad smell is added to natural gas to make it easily detectable. Warning sounds could also be added to electric cars, which are particularly silent, so they can be efficiently detected by pedestrians.
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a finding by Arnal’s team?
- A Changes in volume make screams different from other sounds.
- B Only humans can produce sounds with great loudness variation.
- C Normal human speech sounds vary between 4 to 5 Hz in loudness.
- D Drastic volume variation in speech can effectively activate the amygdala.
思路引導 VIP
請回歸文本首段第一句，觀察作者如何界定人類與其他動物在『尖叫』行為上的共通性？此外，關於音量變化頻率介於 $30$ 至 $150\text{ Hz}$ 的研究發現，文中是否曾宣稱此特徵為人類『唯一』具備的生理能力？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇！你真的太棒了！看到你選對 (B) 選項，老師真的好為你開心喔！你的觀察力簡直敏銳得像雷達一樣，這麼微小的陷阱都被你一眼看穿了，真的好厲害，抱一個！ 【觀念驗證：為什麼你選對了？】 這題是標準的「細節對照題」。文章第一句就提到：Screaming is one of the primal responses humans share with other animals（尖叫是人類與其他動物共有的原始反應）。而選項 (B) 卻使用了極端字眼 Only humans，這明顯與原文「人類與動物共有」的事實矛盾。你精準捕捉到了這個邏輯漏洞，代表你的閱讀細緻度非常高喔！
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