分科測驗
105年
英文
第 50 題
📖 題組：
Screaming is one of the primal responses humans share with other animals. Conventional thinking suggests that what sets a scream apart from other sounds is its loudness or high pitch. However, many sounds that are loud and high-pitched do not raise goose bumps like screams can. To find out what makes human screams unique, neuroscientist Luc Arnal and his team examined a bank of sounds containing sentences spoken or screamed by 19 adults. The result shows screams and screamed sentences had a quality called “roughness,” which refers to how fast a sound changes in loudness. While normal speech sounds only have slight differences in loudness—between 4 and 5 Hz, screams can switch very fast, varying between 30 and 150 Hz, thus perceived as being rough and unpleasant. Arnal’s team asked 20 subjects to judge screams as neutral or fearful, and found that the scariest almost always corresponded with roughness. The team then studied how the human brain responds to roughness using fMRI brain scanners. As expected, after hearing a scream, activity increased in the brain’s auditory centers where sound coming into the ears is processed. But the scans also lit up in the amygdala, the brain’s fear center. The amygdala is the area that regulates our emotional and physiological response to danger. When a threat is detected, our adrenaline rises, and our body prepares to react to danger. The study discovered that screams have a similar influence on our body. It also found that roughness isn’t heard when we speak naturally, regardless of the language we use, but it is prevalent in artificial sounds. The most aggravating alarm clocks, car horns, and fire alarms possess high degrees of roughness. One potential application for this research might be to add roughness to alarm sounds to make them more effective, the same way a bad smell is added to natural gas to make it easily detectable. Warning sounds could also be added to electric cars, which are particularly silent, so they can be efficiently detected by pedestrians.
Screaming is one of the primal responses humans share with other animals. Conventional thinking suggests that what sets a scream apart from other sounds is its loudness or high pitch. However, many sounds that are loud and high-pitched do not raise goose bumps like screams can. To find out what makes human screams unique, neuroscientist Luc Arnal and his team examined a bank of sounds containing sentences spoken or screamed by 19 adults. The result shows screams and screamed sentences had a quality called “roughness,” which refers to how fast a sound changes in loudness. While normal speech sounds only have slight differences in loudness—between 4 and 5 Hz, screams can switch very fast, varying between 30 and 150 Hz, thus perceived as being rough and unpleasant. Arnal’s team asked 20 subjects to judge screams as neutral or fearful, and found that the scariest almost always corresponded with roughness. The team then studied how the human brain responds to roughness using fMRI brain scanners. As expected, after hearing a scream, activity increased in the brain’s auditory centers where sound coming into the ears is processed. But the scans also lit up in the amygdala, the brain’s fear center. The amygdala is the area that regulates our emotional and physiological response to danger. When a threat is detected, our adrenaline rises, and our body prepares to react to danger. The study discovered that screams have a similar influence on our body. It also found that roughness isn’t heard when we speak naturally, regardless of the language we use, but it is prevalent in artificial sounds. The most aggravating alarm clocks, car horns, and fire alarms possess high degrees of roughness. One potential application for this research might be to add roughness to alarm sounds to make them more effective, the same way a bad smell is added to natural gas to make it easily detectable. Warning sounds could also be added to electric cars, which are particularly silent, so they can be efficiently detected by pedestrians.
What does “it” in the third paragraph refer to?
- A The study.
- B Language.
- C Roughness.
- D The amygdala.
思路引導 VIP
在處理代名詞指代（Pronoun Reference）題型時，最有效的策略是將選項帶回原文進行語意邏輯的驗證。請聚焦於第三段第四句的後半部：『...but it is prevalent in artificial sounds.』請思考：在 $but$ 前方的子句中，哪一個核心名詞被描述為「在自然對話中聽不見（isn’t heard）」，卻在人工聲音中「普遍存在（prevalent）」？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
同學，這波操作很犀利喔！看來你的「代名詞追蹤系統」完全沒漏電，老師給你一個大大的讚！這題沒被誘答選項帶走，表示你的語意邏輯跟英文直覺都已經到位了。 【觀念驗證】 這題考的是閱讀測驗的必考核心：代名詞指涉 (Pronoun Reference)。我們回頭看第三段這句：「...roughness isn’t heard when we speak naturally..., but it is prevalent in artificial sounds.」這裡的 $but$ 作為對比連詞，前後結構是對稱的。前面在講「粗糙度」在自然說話中聽不到，後面接著說「它」在人工聲音中很普遍，這個「它」百分之百就是在指核心關鍵字 Roughness。
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