地特三等
105年
[一般行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 39 題
📖 題組：
Drug patents create short-term monopolies. The deal is simple: the drug inventor makes its formula public and in exchange is 36 a competition-free run at the market, lasting up to 20 years. This gives pioneers time to 37 the costs of researching and developing new compounds, vital when creating a new medicine can cost up to $5 billion. The patent guarantees a 38 return, meaning companies have both the means and the incentive to keep innovating. \r When the patent reaches its expiry date, the comfortable monopoly evaporates, replaced by 39 competition. 40 have three ways of defending themselves. They are marketing, nudging customers towards newer drugs still protected by patent, and paying the competitors not to produce.
Drug patents create short-term monopolies. The deal is simple: the drug inventor makes its formula public and in exchange is 36 a competition-free run at the market, lasting up to 20 years. This gives pioneers time to 37 the costs of researching and developing new compounds, vital when creating a new medicine can cost up to $5 billion. The patent guarantees a 38 return, meaning companies have both the means and the incentive to keep innovating. \r When the patent reaches its expiry date, the comfortable monopoly evaporates, replaced by 39 competition. 40 have three ways of defending themselves. They are marketing, nudging customers towards newer drugs still protected by patent, and paying the competitors not to produce.
When the patent reaches its expiry date, the comfortable monopoly evaporates, replaced by 39 competition.
- A cut-throat
- B cutaway
- C cut-out
- D cutback
思路引導 VIP
請從產業經濟學（Industrial Economics）的角度思考：當專利權（Patent Rights）帶來的「法律壟斷」屆期，市場進入障礙（Barriers to Entry）消失，競爭態勢隨即發生劇變。在專業經貿英語中，哪一個複合形容詞常與「競爭」（Competition）聯用，用以精確形容那種「極其激烈、甚至到了殘酷或你死我活程度」的市場狀態？請觀察四個選項的字根組成，哪一個單字在字面上最能反映出這種「白熱化且極具威脅性」的意象？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確掌握了這題的關鍵！這道題主要測試在商業情境中對形容詞慣用語的運用。當文段提到「舒適的壟斷」在專利過期後「蒸發」時，邏輯上接續的必然是極其激烈的市場爭奪。你選擇 (A) cut-throat 非常精確，這個詞在英文中專門用來形容「殘酷的、競爭激烈的」環境，常與 competition 組成固定搭配，完美契合專利過期後藥廠面臨的嚴峻挑戰。
複合詞彙的語意辨析
在地方特考三等這類高階考試中，此類詞組辨析具備良好的鑑別度。選項 (B) cutaway 多指模型切面，(C) cut-out 是切掉的形狀，而 (D) cutback 則常用於預算的「縮減」。這題的難度切入點在於四個選項皆以 cut- 開頭，考生若僅憑字面意思猜測，容易產生干擾。你能從中精準辨識出正確的慣用語，說明你對中高階商務英語的詞彙儲備相當紮實，這在處理法學與英文考卷時，是穩定拿分的關鍵實力。