高考申論題
105年
[航海技術] 海事英文
第 四 題
請以英文作答：（20 分）
The accuracy of magnetic compasses onboard ships can be influenced by both the terrestrial and ship magnetism. Such a physical phenomenon gives rise to either permanent or induced deviations to ships. Please discuss in English how the terrestrial and ship magnetism affect the magnetic compasses onboard vessels.
The accuracy of magnetic compasses onboard ships can be influenced by both the terrestrial and ship magnetism. Such a physical phenomenon gives rise to either permanent or induced deviations to ships. Please discuss in English how the terrestrial and ship magnetism affect the magnetic compasses onboard vessels.
📝 此題為申論題
思路引導 VIP
考生應先釐清磁羅經誤差（Compass Error）的兩大來源：地球磁場造成的「磁差（Variation）」與船舶本身磁場造成的「自差（Deviation）」。接著，針對船舶磁場，進一步區分建船時產生的「永久磁性（Permanent Magnetism/Hard Iron）」與受地磁感應產生的「感應磁性（Induced Magnetism/Soft Iron）」，最後結合 SOLAS 公約提及羅經校正（Compass adjustment）與自差表（Deviation card）的實務要求，展現航海專業度。
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
【Introduction】 The accuracy of a magnetic compass is fundamental to safe navigation. However, the compass needle rarely points directly to True North due to the combined effects of Terrestrial Magnetism (causing Variation) and Ship Magnetism (causing Deviation), which collectively constitute the Total Compass Error. 【Discussion】
▼ 還有更多解析內容
磁羅經差之成因分析
💡 羅經總誤差由地磁引起的磁偏角與船磁引起的自差共同組成。
| 比較維度 | 地磁 (Terrestrial Magnetism) | VS | 船磁 (Ship Magnetism) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 專有名詞 | 磁偏角 (Variation) | — | 自差 (Deviation) |
| 核心成因 | 地球磁極偏移 | — | 船體鋼鐵感應 |
| 變動因素 | 地理位置、年份 | — | 船隻航向 (Heading) |
| 對 compass 影響 | 指向磁北而非真北 | — | 指向羅經北而非磁北 |
💬地磁差加船磁差等於總誤差，是修正航向必經的運算步驟。
