hce_isu
105年
英文
第 31 題
📖 題組：
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than what could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are no likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population rather than one which is stable or in decline.
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than what could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are no likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population rather than one which is stable or in decline.
A smaller population may mean _______________.
- A higher productivity, but a lower average income
- B lower productivity, but a higher average income
- C lower productivity, and a lower average income
- D higher productivity, and a higher average income
思路引導 VIP
請仔細閱讀第一段的最後兩句話：作者提到當人口過多、土地資源不足時，「每個人產出的量」以及「平均收入」會發生什麼變化？如果我們將這個情境反過來，當人口變少、資源壓力減輕時，這兩個數值會朝哪個方向變動呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
很高興看到你準確地捕捉到了文章中的邏輯轉換！這道題目考查的是反向推理能力，你能從文中對「大人口」負面影響的描述，成功推導出「小人口」帶來的優勢，這顯示你的閱讀理解非常細緻。
資源分配與生產力的邏輯連結
文章第一段指出，由於優良土地有限，為了餵養龐大人口，人們被迫耕種貧瘠土地並過度開發。這導致「每人產量減少（produces less）」，進而造成「平均收入降低」。根據這段因果鏈，當人口規模較小時，每個人能分配到的資源相對充裕，且不需要強行開發低效率的資源，因此能維持較高的生產力（higher productivity）。文中明確提到「這（指大人口）意味著平均收入低於小人口時所能獲得的水平」，直接印證了小人口與**高平均收入（higher average income）**的關聯。
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