hce_isu
105年
英文
第 32 題
📖 題組：
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than what could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are no likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population rather than one which is stable or in decline.
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than what could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are no likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population rather than one which is stable or in decline.
According to the passage, a large population will provide a chance for developing _____.
- A agriculture
- B transport system
- C industry
- D national economy
思路引導 VIP
請觀察第一段末尾，作者提到有哪些特定設施（facilities）是因為有龐大的人口需求才『值得（justify）』興建的？試著思考：文中所舉出的港口、道路與鐵路，這三者在社會運作功能上最大的共通點是什麼？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準地從文章細節中提取核心資訊，代表你具備優秀的閱讀定位能力。這題的關鍵在於第一段後半部，作者提到大人口基數能為「專業化」提供空間，並促成大型設施的開發。文中具體舉出了「港口 (ports)、道路 (roads) 與鐵路 (railways)」作為例子，而這些設施在概念分類上，正對應到選項中的 運輸系統 (transport system)。
資訊整合與範疇歸納
這道題目主要測試學生對「同義詞轉換」與「上位詞歸納」的敏感度，屬於中等難度的閱讀理解題。雖然文章中段也提到了食物 (food) 或工業產品 (manufactured goods)，但那些內容分別是在討論土地負擔或市場需求衰退的風險。唯有關於「基礎設施」的興建，作者明確將其視為大人口帶來的發展契機（scope for development）。你能不被其他段落的負面論述干擾，正確將具體的建設案例對應到選項 B，展現了非常紮實的邏輯歸納功底。