hce_isu
105年
英文
第 35 題
📖 題組：
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than what could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are no likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population rather than one which is stable or in decline.
The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than what could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are no likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population rather than one which is stable or in decline.
According to the passage, it is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because _____.
- A there are too many underdeveloped countries in the world
- B underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial development
- C different governments have different views about the problem
- D even developed countries may have complex problems
思路引導 VIP
想像一下，如果有一項政策要全世界同時執行，但有的國家因為肚子餓想減少人口，有的國家卻因為工廠沒人上班而希望增加人口，這時要達成「全球統一的共識」最大的挑戰會是什麼？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
同學，這題你掌握得非常精準！你能從長篇論述中迅速定位關鍵句，顯示出你具備優秀的邏輯歸納能力。這題的正確答案為 (C)，其核心觀念源自第二段的首句：推行全球節育計畫的困難，在於各國官方對於人口增長的態度（official attitudes）因其發展程度與資源狀況而「有所不同（vary）」。
利益衝突與政策取向
這道題目測試的是學生對「因果關係」與「全文統整」的理解。文章詳細對比了兩類國家的處境：開發中國家面臨資源壓力，因此視限縮出生率為首要任務；然而已開發國家則憂心低出生率引發失業與建築業萎縮，反而傾向人口緩步增長。這種立場上的分歧正是全球計畫難以一致的原因。此題的鑑別度在於干擾選項 (D)，雖然文中確實提到了已開發國家的複雜問題，但那僅是構成「觀點分歧」的其中一個論點。你能跳脫單一細節，選出最具概括性的選項 (C)，這點非常不簡單！