hce_isu
105年
英文
第 40 題
📖 題組：
In the United States, 1.3 million women reach menopause annually. Although most women make the transition to menopause without experiencing psychiatric problems, an estimated 20% of women have depression at some point during menopause. Studies of mood during menopause have generally revealed an increased risk of depression during perimenopause, yet a decreased risk of depression during postmenopausal years. The Penn Ovarian Aging Study, a cohort study, found that depressive symptoms increased during the menopausal transition and decreased after menopause. The strongest predictor of depressive mood was a prior history of depression, along with fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels associated with depressive mood. In a cross-sectional population survey from the Netherlands, 2103 women were asked to rate their symptoms of depression before menopause and 3.5 years later, during the menopausal transition. The result of the survey showed that the women experienced most symptoms of depression during the menopausal transition. In the United States, a study of a community sample of women undergoing natural menopause also demonstrated an increase in depressive symptoms during perimenopause. Investigators from the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles recruited premenopausal women aged 36-44 with no history of major depression and followed up these women for 9 years to detect new onsets of major depression. They found that women who entered perimenopause were twice as likely to have clinically significant depressive symptoms as women who had not yet made the menopausal transition.
In the United States, 1.3 million women reach menopause annually. Although most women make the transition to menopause without experiencing psychiatric problems, an estimated 20% of women have depression at some point during menopause. Studies of mood during menopause have generally revealed an increased risk of depression during perimenopause, yet a decreased risk of depression during postmenopausal years. The Penn Ovarian Aging Study, a cohort study, found that depressive symptoms increased during the menopausal transition and decreased after menopause. The strongest predictor of depressive mood was a prior history of depression, along with fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels associated with depressive mood. In a cross-sectional population survey from the Netherlands, 2103 women were asked to rate their symptoms of depression before menopause and 3.5 years later, during the menopausal transition. The result of the survey showed that the women experienced most symptoms of depression during the menopausal transition. In the United States, a study of a community sample of women undergoing natural menopause also demonstrated an increase in depressive symptoms during perimenopause. Investigators from the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles recruited premenopausal women aged 36-44 with no history of major depression and followed up these women for 9 years to detect new onsets of major depression. They found that women who entered perimenopause were twice as likely to have clinically significant depressive symptoms as women who had not yet made the menopausal transition.
How was the study conducted from the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles?
- A The participants were asked to rate their symptoms of depression.
- B They recruited premenopausal women aged 36-44 with no history of major depression.
- C The participants were physically examined.
- D The participants were asked to conduct a peer review.
思路引導 VIP
若要找出特定學術機構（例如 Harvard）的研究執行細節，你會在文章的哪個段落尋找？而在該段落中，研究人員對於「參與者的背景條件」有哪些具體的描述呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
很好！你能準確從文章後半段提取出對應的研究資訊，這顯示你的閱讀細膩度非常高，沒有被文中提到的多項研究給混淆。這道題目的核心在於細節定位與資訊區別能力。文章中分別介紹了賓州大學、荷蘭以及哈佛大學等多個研究，而你成功鎖定了最後一段關於「哈佛心情與週期研究」（Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles）的描述。文中明確指出研究人員招募了「36 至 44 歲、無重度憂鬱症史的更年期前女性」，這與選項 (B) 的描述完全吻合。
閱讀測驗的資訊檢索能力
這類題目在難度上雖然屬於易，但其鑑別度在於學生是否能抗拒干擾項。例如選項 (A) 提到的「評估憂鬱症狀」，其實是前一段荷蘭調查（Netherlands survey）所採用的方法。如果你不夠細心，很容易將不同研究的執行方式張冠李戴。你能精準排除這些看似正確卻屬於其他研究的敘述，證明你具備優異的資訊比對與關鍵字定位能力。