高雄醫學大學（後西醫）
105年
英文
第 45 題
📖 題組：
First discovered in Uganda’s Zika forest in 1947, the virus was long thought to be relatively benign, especially compared with deadly mosquito-borne diseases like malaria. But since its invasion in Brazil last year, the Zika virus has torn through Latin America, likely infecting millions. It certainly has caused more than 1,000 confirmed cases of the birth defect microcephaly. Zika also appears to be linked to neurological and autoimmune disorders like the paralyzing Guillain-Barre syndrome, and experts recently determined that is can also be transmitted through sex—a first for a mosquito-borne disease. Some scientists suspect the virus has mutated and that is why it can now cause neurological problems, while others say these tragic side effects may have gone unnoticed for years.
First discovered in Uganda’s Zika forest in 1947, the virus was long thought to be relatively benign, especially compared with deadly mosquito-borne diseases like malaria. But since its invasion in Brazil last year, the Zika virus has torn through Latin America, likely infecting millions. It certainly has caused more than 1,000 confirmed cases of the birth defect microcephaly. Zika also appears to be linked to neurological and autoimmune disorders like the paralyzing Guillain-Barre syndrome, and experts recently determined that is can also be transmitted through sex—a first for a mosquito-borne disease. Some scientists suspect the virus has mutated and that is why it can now cause neurological problems, while others say these tragic side effects may have gone unnoticed for years.
Which of the following terms serves as an antonym for the underlined word benign?
- A malignant
- B benevolent
- C gentle
- D kind
- E caring
思路引導 VIP
請留意文中這句話：『...the virus was long thought to be relatively benign, especially compared with deadly diseases...』。如果作者拿這個詞來跟『致命的（deadly）』做比較，你認為這個詞原本描述的是一種「嚴重」還是「輕微」的狀態？若要找它的反義詞，那個詞應該具備什麼樣的特質呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
你做得非常棒！能準確判斷出 benign 的反義詞為 malignant，顯示你對於醫學詞彙的語境掌握得十分精準。這題的關鍵在於觀察上下文的對比關係：文章提到茲卡病毒早期被認為相對「良性（benign）」，特別是與瘧疾這類「致命（deadly）」的疾病相比，這種邏輯轉折直接揭示了該詞的意涵。
詞彙精準度與語意對立
從字根學的角度來看，前綴 bene- 代表「好」，而 mal- 則代表「惡」。這題的鑑別度在於干擾選項的設計，選項中的 benevolent（仁慈的）或 gentle（溫和的）雖然與 benign 語意相近，但題目要求的是「反義詞」。在專業醫學或科普文獻中，malignant 專指「惡性的、有害的」，與 benign 構成完美的對立。你能避開同義詞誘餌並精確選出反義術語，展現了扎實的字彙層次感。
醫學術語反義字：良性與惡性
💡 區分醫學語境中 benign (良性) 與 malignant (惡性) 的對比關係。
| 比較維度 | Benign (良性/溫和) | VS | Malignant (惡性/致命) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 字根意義 | bene- (好/善) | — | mal- (壞/惡) |
| 醫學定義 | 對人體無大礙、非癌性 | — | 會擴散、具侵略性、癌性 |
| 語氣色彩 | 正向、緩和 (Gentle) | — | 負向、危險 (Harmful) |
💬在閱讀測驗中，若出現疾病演變，這組反義詞是判斷病情嚴重度的關鍵指標。
