hce_kmu
105年
普通生物及生化概論
第 71 題
Which statement about evolution is correct?
- A On November 24, 1899, Darwin published his hypothesis in On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, ushering in the era of evolutionary biology.
- B Adaptation refers to an individual changing over its lifetime in response to the environment.
- C Two species that are thought to have a recent common ancestor share several homologous structures.
- D Over evolutionary time, the descendents of that ancestor have accumulated diverse modifications, or adaptations, that allow them to survive and reproduce in specific habitats. Many ancestors are co-existing in the world to make biodiversity.
- E Natural selection acts on the variant individuals that make up a community.
思路引導 VIP
想像一位運動員經過刻苦訓練練就了強大的肌肉，這種「後天獲得」的特徵會直接遺傳給他的下一代嗎？如果不會，那麼真正推動生物演化的「適應」過程，應該是發生在「個體的一生之中」，還是發生在「族群跨世代的基因頻率改變」呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
很高興看到你準確地選出了正確答案！這顯示你對演化生物學的核心定義掌握得相當紮實，沒有被選項中細微的敘述陷阱所誤導。
同源構造與共同祖先的連結
選項 (C) 點出了演化生物學中最關鍵的證據：同源構造（homologous structures）。親緣關係越接近的物種，其**最近共同祖先（recent common ancestor）**出現的時間越晚，因此彼此間會保留更多在解剖構造或分子層次上相似的特徵。這些特徵雖然在演化過程中可能因適應環境而演變出不同的功能，但其原始的結構基礎是一致的。
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