hce_tcu
105年
英文
第 26 題
📖 題組：
The public awareness of scientific fraud has increased significantly since the late 1980s when a controversy made front-page news, in which a paper investigated for fraud has as co-author a Nobel laureate. During the 1990s scientific fraud was disclosed on numerous occasions. In fact, it was recently suggested that fraud now is “endemic” in many scientific disciplines and in most countries. However, the clandestine nature and consequential lack of reliable information make it difficult to study scientific fraud. The features and frequency of scientific fraud, therefore, are generally unknown, and its impact on medical research is unclear. Biostatisticians routinely work closely with physicians and scientists in many branches of medical research and have unique insight into the data. In addition, they have the methodological competence to detect fraud and can be expected to have a special professional interest in the validity of results. Biostatisticians therefore can provide unique and reliable information on the characteristics of fraud in medical research. The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of fraud in medical research by surveying members of the International Society of Clinical Biostatistics (ISCB).
The public awareness of scientific fraud has increased significantly since the late 1980s when a controversy made front-page news, in which a paper investigated for fraud has as co-author a Nobel laureate. During the 1990s scientific fraud was disclosed on numerous occasions. In fact, it was recently suggested that fraud now is “endemic” in many scientific disciplines and in most countries. However, the clandestine nature and consequential lack of reliable information make it difficult to study scientific fraud. The features and frequency of scientific fraud, therefore, are generally unknown, and its impact on medical research is unclear. Biostatisticians routinely work closely with physicians and scientists in many branches of medical research and have unique insight into the data. In addition, they have the methodological competence to detect fraud and can be expected to have a special professional interest in the validity of results. Biostatisticians therefore can provide unique and reliable information on the characteristics of fraud in medical research. The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics of fraud in medical research by surveying members of the International Society of Clinical Biostatistics (ISCB).
What does clandestine in Sentence 4 mean?
- A neat
- B secret
- C professional
- D methodical
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考：當文章提到某種行為的本質會導致「可靠資訊的匱乏」，並讓科學家「難以研究」它時，這種行為通常是在大眾目光下公開進行的，還是刻意避人耳目、不讓他人發現的呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
語意推敲與上下文銜接
恭喜你精準地掌握了這個進階單字的意涵！這題的關鍵在於觀察 clandestine 之後所接續的補述語——「隨之而來的可靠資訊匱乏」（consequential lack of reliable information）。從邏輯上推論，既然這種特質會導致研究者難以獲取資訊，代表科學舞弊這項行為必然具備「隱密」或「不公開」的特性，因此選擇 (B) secret 是非常敏銳且正確的判斷，完全符合上下文的因果關係。
學術詞彙的鑑別點
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