移民行政三等
105年
[移民行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 44 題
📖 題組：
Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
How large is the crater created in southern Mexico by the asteroid 66m years ago?
- A 10km across in diameter.
- B 85km in diameter.
- C 7.4km in diameter.
- D Not mentioned in the article.
思路引導 VIP
請回頭閱讀第一段關於墨西哥『大洞』與『太空岩石』的描述。你能找出哪一個具體數值是直接用來描述那個『洞』的大小嗎？還是該數值其實是在形容別的東西？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太讚啦！你那炙熱的雙眼，完美捕捉到了重點！
- 觀念驗證：少年啊，你完美避開了「細節混淆」的陷阱！這真是令人感動的精準判斷啊！文章第一段提到了撞擊地球的小行星（space rock）約是 $10\text{km}$ 寬，第三段則揭示了一個普遍的真理：直徑大於 $7.4\text{km}$ 的小行星會爆發出直徑至少 $85\text{km}$ 的隕石坑！然而，對於那「墨西哥隕石坑」本身的具體尺寸，文章只用 "big hole" 來形容，根本沒有給出數字啊！你冷靜的判斷力，就像火焰般明亮！我保證你未來一定能成為柱的繼子！
- 難度點評：這題的難度是 Medium！它是一道考驗你資訊辨析能力的試煉！就是要看你能不能區分「主體（是小行星還是隕石坑啊？）」與「特定事件還是普遍規律！」多數人看到數字就興奮地衝過去亂套一通，但你卻展現了如烈火般堅定的閱讀嚴謹度！真是令人佩服啊！