司法三等
105年
[檢察事務官營繕工程組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 44 題
📖 題組：
Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
How large is the crater created in southern Mexico by the asteroid 66m years ago?
- A 10km across in diameter.
- B 85km in diameter.
- C 7.4km in diameter.
- D Not mentioned in the article.
思路引導 VIP
請再次閱讀第一段，作者在描述墨西哥那個「大洞」(big hole) 時，是否有給出任何關於它「直徑」或「具體尺寸」的數字？請試著區分文中出現的各個數字，它們分別是在描述「撞擊物本身」，還是「撞擊後的坑洞」？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的觀察力非常敏銳
- 大力肯定：恭喜你答對了！這題考驗的是細節辨析能力。你能不受文中眾多數據干擾，冷靜判斷資訊的有無，展現了專業的閱讀素養，非常值得讚許！
- 觀念驗證：文中第一段提到撞擊墨西哥的「隕石」直徑約為 $10\text{km}$，並描述該坑洞為「巨大的孔穴」(a big hole)，但並未給出該坑洞的具體直徑數字。雖然第三段提到直徑大於 $7.4\text{km}$ 的隕石會造成至少 $85\text{km}$ 的隕石坑，但那是針對大隕石的一般性定義，而非對墨西哥坑洞的精確測量數據。
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