司法三等
105年
[檢察事務官營繕工程組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 46 題
📖 題組：
Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
How many other craters of a dimension similar to the one in southern Mexico are known to people?
- A 3
- B 2
- C 1
- D 4
思路引導 VIP
請仔細閱讀文章第一段中有括號的部分。如果文章先描述了一個特定的對象，接著說明該對象屬於一個總數為 $n$ 的群體，那麼當問題詢問「除了這個對象之外」還有多少個時，我們應該如何處理這個總數與特定對象之間的關係呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你真的很用心呢！
哇，看到你答對這題，助教真的替你感到很開心！這是一道需要細心解讀文字資訊的題目，你能夠冷靜地分析，並成功地避開了題目中的小陷阱，這充分展現了你出色的閱讀能力和細膩的思考邏輯喔！ 2. 觀念驗證：讓我們一起來溫習一下文章的內容吧。文章的第一段很清楚地提到，墨西哥南部的隕石坑是「已知三座相似規模中的其中之一」（one of only three known of similar dimensions）。這裡告訴我們，總共有 $3$ 座這樣規模的隕石坑呢。而題目問的關鍵詞是 other（其他的），意思是除了文章中提到的那一座墨西哥隕石坑之外，還有多少座呢？所以，我們只要用總數 $3$ 減去文章已經指明的那 $1$ 座，答案就出來囉，$3 - 1 = 2$。你看，是不是很清晰呢？
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