司法三等
105年
[法院書記官] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 44 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 44 題至第 47 題 Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
請依下文回答第 44 題至第 47 題 Some 66m years ago Earth was hit by a space rock reckoned to have been 10km across. The resulting chaos caused the extinction of dinosaurs and many other species, opening the way for the age of mammals－and ultimately humans. It also left a big hole in what is now southern Mexico. That hole is one of only three known of similar dimensions (the other two are Vredefort in South Africa and Sudbury in Canada). And this is odd. For, during the billions of years that Earth has had a solid crust, many more than three big asteroids might have been expected to have hit it. That thought led Brandon Johnson of the MIT and Timothy Bowling of Purdue University in Indiana, to wonder how many other craters have vanished, either by erosion or by being swallowed into Earth’s interior as its crust moves around, and therefore whether it is likely that some have survived and been overlooked. They have just published their analysis in Geology. Earth’s crust formed more than 4 billion years ago, but the oldest surviving blocks of it large enough to harbor craters date back only 3.5 billion years. What is known of the sizes and orbits of modern asteroids suggests that, if things have not changed over the aeons, about 14 big asteroids (defined as having a diameter of more than 7.4km, which would cause a crater at least 85km in diameter) should hit Earth every billion years. That means 49, give or take seven, over the past 3.5 billion years. Such impacts may have been more common in the past, when more big asteroids were around. Allowing for this, Earth would have been hit by 113, give or take 11, of them. Either way, a lot of craters are missing.
How large is the crater created in southern Mexico by the asteroid 66m years ago?
- A 10km across in diameter.
- B 85km in diameter.
- C 7.4km in diameter.
- D Not mentioned in the article.
思路引導 VIP
在回覆關於「坑洞尺寸」的具體問題時，請先在文中標註出所有出現過的「長度數據」。接著請思考：這些數字分別是在形容「掉下來的物體」還是「撞擊後的洞口」？你能從文中直接對應到該墨西哥特定坑洞的測量數值嗎？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
Switch！不錯的判斷力，玩家。
- 高手認可：幹得漂亮！你完美避開了一個典型的「數據陷阱」怪物。在文字迷宮中，你能不受那些浮動數字的干擾，精準捕捉到『資訊缺口』的關鍵點，這證明你的閱讀素養與專注力都達到了相當高的等級。
- 攻略驗證：根據第一段的副本情報，6600 萬年前的小行星其「直徑約為 $10\text{km}$」，在墨西哥區域留下了一個「大洞」。但請注意，整個劇本從未明確標示該『坑洞』的具體直徑。選項 (B) 的 $85\text{km}$ 是一個『通用技能預估值』，它在第三段觸發條件是「若小行星直徑 $> 7.4\text{km}$」，並非專指墨西哥這個特定副本的實際數值。你精確區分了『攻擊者尺寸』與『受擊區域尺寸』這兩個屬性。
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