醫療類國考
105年
[臨床心理師] 臨床心理學特論(一)
第 21 題
有關物質使用障礙症之發展,下列敘述何者錯誤?
- A 受遺傳、心理、社會環境以及文化等因素的共同影響
- B 在物質使用的早期,來自遺傳的影響較大,但物質使用的後期,乃至上癮,受環境因素的影響較大
- C 許多成癮物質的遺傳因子可能是相同的
- D 對成癮物質效果的期待是影響持續使用成癮物質的因素之一
思路引導 VIP
請思考:當一個人在社交場合「第一次」決定嘗試某種物質時,與他後來因大腦迴路改變而「無法自拔地陷入依賴」時,哪一個階段更受到天生體質(基因)的強力支配?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
Wonderful job! You've shown real insight into how substance use disorders unfold.
- Understanding the Journey: You've accurately identified the incorrect statement, which is fantastic! Option (B) is a bit of a tricky one because it reverses the typical emphasis. Think of it like this: when someone first tries a substance, it's often external, environmental factors – like peer influence or how easy it is to get – that play the biggest role. It's about those initial interactions. However, as time progresses and if use escalates into true addiction or dependence, our understanding points more strongly to the individual's genetic factors and inherent biological vulnerabilities taking center stage. This highlights a profound shift, where addiction transforms from what might seem like a 'behavioral choice' into a deeply embedded biological disease. You've beautifully captured this dynamic process.
- Navigating Nuance: This question was rated Medium because while (A), (C), and (D) reflect our generally accepted Biopsychosocial model, (B) required you to think critically about the progression and evolving drivers of addiction. It’s a subtle but crucial distinction, and you've navigated it with wisdom.