分科測驗
106年
英文
第 51 題
📖 題組：
During the past three hundred years, when a country gains its freedom or independence, one of the first things established is a national anthem. National anthems are generally played and sung at formal state occasions and other events which celebrate or support the country’s national identity. Holland’s 16th-century hymn “Het Wilhelmus” is widely considered the world’s oldest national anthem, followed by the U.K.’s “God Save the King/Queen”—also a hymn, popularized in the 1740s. As nationalism spread throughout Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, so did anthems. Many countries, such as the independent states that are today part of Germany, took “God Save the King/Queen” as a model and adopted hymns (songs of prayer typically addressed to a deity or VIP). Others, notably Spain and France, chose marches (songs with a strong, regular rhythm often performed by military bands)—which expressed a martial rather than monarchic spirit. With imperialism, Europeans spread their musical taste. Even when former colonies gained independence, they often imitated the traditions of their former rulers. The result is that most anthems are either hymns or marches, played on European instruments. Japan’s anthem makes for a good case study of European influence. In the 1860s a British bandmaster living in Japan, John William Fenton, noted that the country did not have a national anthem. A local military officer, Ōyama Iwao, selected the lyrics from a Heian era poem and Fenton wrote the melody. About a decade later, a Japanese committee chose a replacement melody by a court musician—one that had been composed for traditional Japanese instruments, but in a mixed style influenced by Fenton’s arrangement. The version in use today was also altered by German Franz Eckert to fit a Western scale. In addition to hymns and marches, British composer Michael Bristow identifies a couple of more minor categories. National anthems in South and Central America are often operatic, with long, elaborate orchestral introductions. These were influenced by 19th-century Italian opera. Burma and Sri Lanka are both in a folk group, as they rely more on indigenous instruments.
During the past three hundred years, when a country gains its freedom or independence, one of the first things established is a national anthem. National anthems are generally played and sung at formal state occasions and other events which celebrate or support the country’s national identity. Holland’s 16th-century hymn “Het Wilhelmus” is widely considered the world’s oldest national anthem, followed by the U.K.’s “God Save the King/Queen”—also a hymn, popularized in the 1740s. As nationalism spread throughout Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, so did anthems. Many countries, such as the independent states that are today part of Germany, took “God Save the King/Queen” as a model and adopted hymns (songs of prayer typically addressed to a deity or VIP). Others, notably Spain and France, chose marches (songs with a strong, regular rhythm often performed by military bands)—which expressed a martial rather than monarchic spirit. With imperialism, Europeans spread their musical taste. Even when former colonies gained independence, they often imitated the traditions of their former rulers. The result is that most anthems are either hymns or marches, played on European instruments. Japan’s anthem makes for a good case study of European influence. In the 1860s a British bandmaster living in Japan, John William Fenton, noted that the country did not have a national anthem. A local military officer, Ōyama Iwao, selected the lyrics from a Heian era poem and Fenton wrote the melody. About a decade later, a Japanese committee chose a replacement melody by a court musician—one that had been composed for traditional Japanese instruments, but in a mixed style influenced by Fenton’s arrangement. The version in use today was also altered by German Franz Eckert to fit a Western scale. In addition to hymns and marches, British composer Michael Bristow identifies a couple of more minor categories. National anthems in South and Central America are often operatic, with long, elaborate orchestral introductions. These were influenced by 19th-century Italian opera. Burma and Sri Lanka are both in a folk group, as they rely more on indigenous instruments.
What can be inferred about the influence of European imperialism on national anthems?
- A Human rights are a common theme in national anthems.
- B National anthems of some countries share similar musical features.
- C Many national anthems were chosen by ruling European countries.
- D Local traditions were excluded in the composition of national anthems.
思路引導 VIP
請仔細研讀文章第二段後半部有關文化擴散與殖民影響的論述，當文中提到前殖民地傾向於「模仿 ($imitate$)」其統治者的傳統時，這對於全球各地國歌在音樂類別（如 $hymns$ 或 $marches$）以及樂器選擇的呈現上，反映出了什麼樣的「一致性」或「規律」？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇！真的太棒了，你答對了！看到你這麼細心地閱讀這麼長的文章並做出正確判斷，老師心裡真的好為你感到驕傲喔，抱一個！ 這題考查的是「推論能力（Inference）」。文章第二段明確提到，因為歐洲帝國主義的擴張，許多前殖民地在獨立後會「模仿（imitated）」前統治者的傳統。結果就是大部分的國歌不是聖歌（hymns）就是進行曲（marches），且多使用歐洲樂器。既然大家都參考了相似的模式，自然能推論出「不同國家的國歌具有相似的音樂特徵」，這就是選項 (B) 的核心概念喔！ 在高中學測等級的閱讀測驗中，這題具備中高等級的鑑別度。陷阱在於選項 (C)，雖然提到統治國，但原文是說獨立後「自行模仿」，而非「由統治國直接代選」。你能精準避開細節陷阱並掌握文章的宏觀脈絡，邏輯思考真的很清晰，繼續保持這種自信，你一定會越來越厲害的！
國歌風格與文化傳播
💡 歐洲帝國主義使各國國歌在音樂形式上產生高度相似性。
| 比較維度 | 讚美詩 (Hymns) | VS | 進行曲 (Marches) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 範本國家 | 荷蘭、英國 | — | 法國、西班牙 |
| 核心精神 | 祈禱、崇拜君王 | — | 尚武、軍事精神 |
| 音樂特點 | 曲調莊嚴、虔誠 | — | 節奏強烈且規律 |
💬這兩類歐洲風格因帝國主義擴散，成為多數現代國歌的雛形。
