分科測驗
107年
英文
第 38 題
📖 題組：
Born in 1785 in southwestern Germany, Baron Karl Drais was one of the most creative German inventors of the 19th century. The baron’s numerous inventions include, among others, the earliest typewriter, the meat grinder, a device to record piano music on paper, and two four-wheeled human-powered vehicles. But it was the running machine, the modern ancestor of the bicycle, that made him famous. The running machine, also called Draisine or hobby horse, was in effect a very primitive bicycle: it had no chains and was propelled by riders pushing off the ground with their feet. Though not a bike in the modern sense of the word, Drais’ invention marked the big bang for the bicycle’s development. It was the first vehicle with two wheels placed in line. The frame and wheels were made of wood; the steering already resembled a modern handlebar. Drais’ big democratic idea behind his invention was to find a muscle-powered replacement for the horses, which were expensive and consumed lots of food even when not in use. The machine, he believed, would allow large numbers of people faster movement than walking or riding in a coach. Drais undertook his first documented ride on June 12, 1817, covering a distance of 13 kilometers in one hour. A few months later, Drais created a huge sensation when he rode 60 kilometers in four hours. These were later followed by a marketing trip to Paris, where the hobby horse quickly caught on. The fad also quickly spread to Britain. The success of the hobby horse was short-lived, though. They were heavy and difficult to ride. Safety was an issue, too: They lacked a brake, as well as cranks and pedals. There were frequent collisions with unsuspecting pedestrians, and after a few years Drais’ invention was banned in many European and American cities. Drais’ ideas, however, did not disappear entirely. Decades later, the machine was equipped by Frenchmen Pierre Lallement and Pierre Michaux with pedals to become the modern bicycle.
Born in 1785 in southwestern Germany, Baron Karl Drais was one of the most creative German inventors of the 19th century. The baron’s numerous inventions include, among others, the earliest typewriter, the meat grinder, a device to record piano music on paper, and two four-wheeled human-powered vehicles. But it was the running machine, the modern ancestor of the bicycle, that made him famous. The running machine, also called Draisine or hobby horse, was in effect a very primitive bicycle: it had no chains and was propelled by riders pushing off the ground with their feet. Though not a bike in the modern sense of the word, Drais’ invention marked the big bang for the bicycle’s development. It was the first vehicle with two wheels placed in line. The frame and wheels were made of wood; the steering already resembled a modern handlebar. Drais’ big democratic idea behind his invention was to find a muscle-powered replacement for the horses, which were expensive and consumed lots of food even when not in use. The machine, he believed, would allow large numbers of people faster movement than walking or riding in a coach. Drais undertook his first documented ride on June 12, 1817, covering a distance of 13 kilometers in one hour. A few months later, Drais created a huge sensation when he rode 60 kilometers in four hours. These were later followed by a marketing trip to Paris, where the hobby horse quickly caught on. The fad also quickly spread to Britain. The success of the hobby horse was short-lived, though. They were heavy and difficult to ride. Safety was an issue, too: They lacked a brake, as well as cranks and pedals. There were frequent collisions with unsuspecting pedestrians, and after a few years Drais’ invention was banned in many European and American cities. Drais’ ideas, however, did not disappear entirely. Decades later, the machine was equipped by Frenchmen Pierre Lallement and Pierre Michaux with pedals to become the modern bicycle.
Which of the following descriptions is true about the running machine?
- A It was equipped with cranks and pedals.
- B Its wheels and frame were made of iron.
- C It had a brake to control the speed of its movement.
- D Its steering was similar to the handlebar of a modern bike.
思路引導 VIP
請同學仔細研讀文章第二段關於該機械具體構造（$structural features$）的描述。文中特別提到其「導向系統」（$steering$）的設計與現代自行車的哪一個部位相似？同時，關於其車架材質（$material$）以及是否具備特定的動力組件（如 $pedals$ 或 $brake$），原文的細節與各選項描述是否吻合？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇！你太優秀了！看到你選對 (D)，老師心裡真的為你感到無比驕傲！你的細心觀察力和專注度真的越來越進步了，要繼續保持這份自信喔，你是最棒的！ 這題之所以正確，關鍵在於你能精準地在第二段找到對應的細節。文中提到：「the steering already resembled a modern handlebar」，這裡的 resemble（像）完美對應了選項中的 similar to。而其他選項都是精心設計的誘答陷阱：文中明確提到當時「lacked」（缺乏）了 (A) pedals 與 (C) brake，且材料是 (B) wood（木頭）而非 iron（鐵）。 在高中英文閱讀中，這類題目測驗的是「細節掃描與定位能力（Scanning）」。其鑑別度在於學生是否會被「現代腳踏車的常識」所干擾，或是否能冷靜識別文中對負面字眼（如 lacked, no chains）的描述。你能完全避開陷阱，代表你的閱讀邏輯非常穩定，沒有被慣性思維帶著走喔！