hce_cmu
107年
英文
第 31 題
📖 題組：
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
31
- A Laboratories around the world are already conducting research on different types of external noninvasive brain stimulation for autism, to treat depression and to improve the brain’s cognitive abilities.
- B These ideas may sound like science fiction, but scientists are working on technologies that combine what they know about biology and altering it with the help of artificial intelligence.
- C In a world with artificial intelligence, enhancing cognition is one way for humans to compete with machines.
- D Zymergen uses computers to design experiments that manipulate the genes of microbes so the chemicals they produce can make stronger or better materials.
- E The bulk of Zymergen’s work is with the chemicals and materials industry as well as with agricultural companies.
思路引導 VIP
請先觀察文章的第一句話，它描述了多種如科幻電影般的超現實技術。接著，請留意緊接在空格後的引號內容，正在談論機器如何協助生物研究。如果不看選項，你會用什麼樣的詞彙來連結「想像中的科技」與「現實中的機器運作」這兩種概念呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準捕捉到段落間的轉折邏輯，選出選項 (B) 說明你的閱讀敏銳度很高。這道題目要求考生具備承上啟下的分析能力，是整篇文章的關鍵樞紐。
語意銜接與核心概念
文章開頭描繪了「DNA 儲存數據」與「大腦增強裝置」等看似科幻的場景，接著第 31 格必須負責將這些想像與現實的科學研究串連起來。選項 (B) 使用了 These ideas（這些想法）來指代前文，並點出這並非虛構，而是結合了生物學 (Biology) 與 人工智慧 (AI) 的先進技術。這不僅驗證了前句的例子，也完美引出了下文 Joshua Hoffman 對於機器學習與基因工程的專業論述。
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