hce_cmu
107年
英文
第 32 題
📖 題組：
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
32
- A Laboratories around the world are already conducting research on different types of external noninvasive brain stimulation for autism, to treat depression and to improve the brain’s cognitive abilities.
- B These ideas may sound like science fiction, but scientists are working on technologies that combine what they know about biology and altering it with the help of artificial intelligence.
- C In a world with artificial intelligence, enhancing cognition is one way for humans to compete with machines.
- D Zymergen uses computers to design experiments that manipulate the genes of microbes so the chemicals they produce can make stronger or better materials.
- E The bulk of Zymergen’s work is with the chemicals and materials industry as well as with agricultural companies.
思路引導 VIP
老師想請你觀察一下：在空格 32 之後，講者詳細解釋了他們『如何』透過自動化技術將微生物變成工廠。如果你是作者，在進入這段詳細的技術解釋之前，你會先放進一句什麼樣的話，好讓讀者能預先知道這家公司『主要在做什麼』以及『使用什麼工具』呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你準確掌握了段落的發展邏輯，答對這題非常不容易！
語意銜接與技術核心的導入
在處理這類克漏句時，觀察空格前後的「因果」與「具體化」關係是關鍵。空格 32 之後的句子是由 Joshua Hoffman 說明他們如何利用「自動化與機器學習」將微生物轉化為「化學工廠」。因此，空格處最自然的角色應是對該公司的核心技術進行總括性描述。選項 (D) 明確點出 Zymergen 利用電腦設計實驗來操作微生物基因，這不僅呼應了前文提到的 AI 應用，更為後文「化學工廠」的細節運作提供了完美的鋪陳。
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