hce_cmu
107年
英文
第 33 題
📖 題組：
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
Imagine storing digital data in DNA, wearing a device that makes you smarter or creating new materials by manipulating the genes of microbes. 31 “The machine finds stuff in biology that a human would never find,” Joshua Hoffman, co-founder and chief executive officer of Zymergen, said. 32 “We use automation and machine learning to engineer microbes, little single-cell creatures to turn them into the chemical factories of the future,” Hoffman said. “What we’re doing is we’re searching the genome for the things that might work. What machine learning does is it looks for patterns that a human wouldn’t find in ways that are more likely than not to have the genetic changes in the genome that are going to have the impact, the trait that we want.” He said what takes humans years to discover, computers can do in just months. 33 “We can work to increase the effectiveness of crop protection agents such as herbicides, fungicides, those sorts of things. We can reduce the toxicity of agents that seem to work but actually cause other kinds of problems,” Hoffman added. Instead of enhancing microbes, theoretical neuroscientist Vivienne Ming spoke extensively about improving the human brain. “What I’m interested in is cognitive prosthetics. Can I literally jam something in your brain and make you smarter?” asked Ming, who founded the think tank Socos Labs. “How much you can think about, pay attention to, mentally operate on at any given moment—we’ve actually found that we can increase that by about 15 percent,” she said. 34 Ming said one application for improving cognition is to level the playing field for underprivileged children. “For that hour that they may be spending in a remedial class, we might actually be able to use that technology that brings them right back up with the rest of the kids,” she added. 35
33
- A Laboratories around the world are already conducting research on different types of external noninvasive brain stimulation for autism, to treat depression and to improve the brain’s cognitive abilities.
- B These ideas may sound like science fiction, but scientists are working on technologies that combine what they know about biology and altering it with the help of artificial intelligence.
- C In a world with artificial intelligence, enhancing cognition is one way for humans to compete with machines.
- D Zymergen uses computers to design experiments that manipulate the genes of microbes so the chemicals they produce can make stronger or better materials.
- E The bulk of Zymergen’s work is with the chemicals and materials industry as well as with agricultural companies.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察第 33 格後方的句子，作者具體提到了「除草劑（herbicides）」和「殺菌劑（fungicides）」，這些具體的例子通常是用來支持哪一個領域的應用？如果我們要為這些具體例子加上一段「總結性的開場白」，這句話應該要包含哪些產業關鍵字，才能讓讀者預期接下來會讀到農業相關的內容呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
恭喜你答對了！這顯示你對文章的結構邏輯與語意銜接有著非常敏銳的觀察力，能精準捕捉到段落間的轉折關係。
語意銜接與產業背景
這道題目的核心在於「承上啟下」。在空格 33 之後，文中立刻提到了「作物保護劑（crop protection agents）」、「除草劑（herbicides）」以及「殺菌劑（fungicides）」等非常具體的應用實例。根據英文寫作「先總提、後分述」的邏輯，空格處勢必要先交代 Zymergen 這間公司的業務範疇。選項 (E) 指出該公司主要服務於「化學、材料及農業公司」，這正好為後文提及的農業應用提供了完美的邏輯鋪陳。
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