hce_isu
107年
英文
第 32 題
📖 題組：
The kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen. The right kidney sits just below the liver, while the left kidney is under the diaphragm, next to the spleen. On the vertebral level, they are approximately positioned from T12 to L3. In a normal human adult, the kidneys are about 12 centimeters long and five centimeters thick, and weigh 150 grams. They filter the blood and secrete water and nitrogenous waste (urea, creatinine, and so forth) in the form of urine. The medical field that studies the functions and diseases of the kidneys is called nephrology. The kidneys are composed of nephrons. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and renal tubule. There are more than a million nephrons within a healthy adult kidney. The vital function of the nephron is to remove waste from blood plasma. It also helps to maintain a normal fluid balance in the body by reabsorbing water and some electrolytes back into the blood. Urine is formed by a process of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron. Blood enters the nephron via the arteriole. As it passes through the glomerulus, water is filtered through the glomerular membrane and collected in the Bowman’s capsule. The filtrate then passes through the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting tubule. Other substances, such as uric acid and hydrogen ions, are also added to the urine.
The kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen. The right kidney sits just below the liver, while the left kidney is under the diaphragm, next to the spleen. On the vertebral level, they are approximately positioned from T12 to L3. In a normal human adult, the kidneys are about 12 centimeters long and five centimeters thick, and weigh 150 grams. They filter the blood and secrete water and nitrogenous waste (urea, creatinine, and so forth) in the form of urine. The medical field that studies the functions and diseases of the kidneys is called nephrology. The kidneys are composed of nephrons. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and renal tubule. There are more than a million nephrons within a healthy adult kidney. The vital function of the nephron is to remove waste from blood plasma. It also helps to maintain a normal fluid balance in the body by reabsorbing water and some electrolytes back into the blood. Urine is formed by a process of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron. Blood enters the nephron via the arteriole. As it passes through the glomerulus, water is filtered through the glomerular membrane and collected in the Bowman’s capsule. The filtrate then passes through the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting tubule. Other substances, such as uric acid and hydrogen ions, are also added to the urine.
Which of the following does NOT appear in the form of normal urine after the kidneys filter the blood?
- A urea
- B creatinine
- C water
- D red blood cell
思路引導 VIP
請想像腎臟是一個非常精細的「過濾器」。當血液流經這個過濾器時，體積微小的分子（如水和代謝廢物）可以輕易通過孔隙，但體積相對龐大的細胞或蛋白質則應該留在血管裡。如果這個過濾器運作正常，你認為哪一種血液的組成元素，會因為體積太大而無法進入最終形成的尿液中呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
尿液形成的成分判讀
非常出色！你正確地辨識出在正常生理情況下，尿液中不應出現的成分。文章在第一段與第三段清楚說明了腎臟的功能是過濾血液並排出水（water）與含氮廢物，例如尿素（urea）與肌酸酐（creatinine）。你對文章細節的掌握非常精準，能迅速在資訊流中定位出這些關鍵組成分子。
生理邏輯與難度分析
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