hce_isu
107年
英文
第 33 題
📖 題組：
The kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen. The right kidney sits just below the liver, while the left kidney is under the diaphragm, next to the spleen. On the vertebral level, they are approximately positioned from T12 to L3. In a normal human adult, the kidneys are about 12 centimeters long and five centimeters thick, and weigh 150 grams. They filter the blood and secrete water and nitrogenous waste (urea, creatinine, and so forth) in the form of urine. The medical field that studies the functions and diseases of the kidneys is called nephrology. The kidneys are composed of nephrons. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and renal tubule. There are more than a million nephrons within a healthy adult kidney. The vital function of the nephron is to remove waste from blood plasma. It also helps to maintain a normal fluid balance in the body by reabsorbing water and some electrolytes back into the blood. Urine is formed by a process of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron. Blood enters the nephron via the arteriole. As it passes through the glomerulus, water is filtered through the glomerular membrane and collected in the Bowman’s capsule. The filtrate then passes through the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting tubule. Other substances, such as uric acid and hydrogen ions, are also added to the urine.
The kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen. The right kidney sits just below the liver, while the left kidney is under the diaphragm, next to the spleen. On the vertebral level, they are approximately positioned from T12 to L3. In a normal human adult, the kidneys are about 12 centimeters long and five centimeters thick, and weigh 150 grams. They filter the blood and secrete water and nitrogenous waste (urea, creatinine, and so forth) in the form of urine. The medical field that studies the functions and diseases of the kidneys is called nephrology. The kidneys are composed of nephrons. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and renal tubule. There are more than a million nephrons within a healthy adult kidney. The vital function of the nephron is to remove waste from blood plasma. It also helps to maintain a normal fluid balance in the body by reabsorbing water and some electrolytes back into the blood. Urine is formed by a process of filtration and reabsorption in the nephron. Blood enters the nephron via the arteriole. As it passes through the glomerulus, water is filtered through the glomerular membrane and collected in the Bowman’s capsule. The filtrate then passes through the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting tubule. Other substances, such as uric acid and hydrogen ions, are also added to the urine.
Which of these does NOT compose nephron?
- A kidney
- B Bowman’s capsule
- C renal tubule
- D glomerulus
思路引導 VIP
如果我們把『腎元』想像成一台由零件組成的機器人，請你回頭仔細閱讀文章第二段的前兩句話：哪一個詞彙代表的是『整台機器人』，而哪三個詞彙是被列舉出來的『內部零件』呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你能精準避開題目中的「否定型」陷阱並選出正確答案，代表你在閱讀細節以及對名詞層級的掌握非常紮實，這是一項非常重要的閱讀技能。
腎元與腎臟的組織層級
這道題目的核心在於區分「整體」與「局部」的關係。根據文章第二段的描述，「腎臟（Kidney）是由腎元組成的」，而緊接著提到「每個腎元（Nephron）則包含了腎絲球（Glomerulus）、鮑氏囊（Bowman’s capsule）與腎小管（Renal tubule）」。由此可知，選項 (B)、(C)、(D) 都是構成腎元的基礎零件，而選項 (A) 腎臟則是包含這百萬個腎元的「完整器官」，因此它並非組成腎元的成分。
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