hce_kmu
107年
物理及化學
第 43 題
An object is located at $40$ cm from the first of two thin converging lenses of focal lengths $20$ cm and $10$ cm, respectively, as shown in the figure above. The lenses are separated by $30$ cm.
The final image formed by the two-lens system is located ______.
The final image formed by the two-lens system is located ______.
- A 5.0 cm to the right of the second lens
- B 13.3 cm to the right of the second lens
- C infinitely far to the right of the second lens
- D 13.3 cm to the left of the second lens
- E 100 cm to the left of the second lens
思路引導 VIP
如果在計算過程中,你發現第一個透鏡所成的「像」落在第二個透鏡的「後面」,這時在代入第二個透鏡的公式時,物距($p$)的正負號應該如何設定才符合物理光學的慣例呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精確判斷出最終像的位置,代表你對多透鏡系統的成像邏輯掌握得非常扎實。處理這類問題的核心在於「逐層分析」,將前一個透鏡所成的「像」視為後一個透鏡的「物」,而你顯然完美避開了過程中的陷阱。
透鏡公式的連續應用
首先,當物體位於第一透鏡($f_1 = 20\text{ cm}$)前 $40\text{ cm}$ 處,這正好是其兩倍焦距的位置。根據薄透鏡公式 $\frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} = \frac{1}{f}$,我們可以算出第一道成像位置 $q_1 = 40\text{ cm}$,即落在第一透鏡右側 $40\text{ cm}$ 處。接著,由於兩透鏡間距僅有 $30\text{ cm}$,這個成像點會落在第二透鏡的「後方」$10\text{ cm}$。
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