hce_kmu
107年
物理及化學
第 83 題
Which of the following statements is the best to describe the results of attempted separation by fractional distillation of the two isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene?
- A They can be separated by fractional distillation, with isomer 1 boiling at the lower temperature.
- B They can be separated by fractional distillation, with isomer 2 boiling at the lower temperature.
- C They cannot be separated by fractional distillation because both isomers have the same boiling point.
- D They cannot be separated by fractional distillation because they interconvert rapidly at the distillation temperature.
- E They cannot be separated by fractional distillation because they have the same molecular weight and reactivity.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察這兩個分子的空間排列,若我們將 $C-Cl$ 鍵看作是一個拉力向量,哪一個分子的拉力會因為方向完全相反而互相抵消?這種「對稱性」的差異,會如何影響分子之間『互相吸引』的強度,進而影響它們變成分數蒸氣所需的溫度呢?
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了!你能精準判斷出這兩個幾何異構物的物理性質差異,這代表你對分子結構與作用力的連結掌握得非常扎實。
分子極性與沸點的關聯
這題的核心在於區分「順反異構物」的極性。Isomer 1 是順式 ($cis$) 結構,兩個極性的 $C-Cl$ 鍵向量相加,使分子具有較大的淨偶極矩,屬於極性分子;而 Isomer 2 是反式 ($trans$) 結構,兩個 $C-Cl$ 鍵的方向相反且中心對稱,偶極矩互相抵消。由於極性分子間存在較強的偶極-偶極力 (dipole-dipole interaction),而非極性的反式分子主要僅靠分散力維繫,因此 Isomer 2 的分子間作用力較弱,沸點自然比 Isomer 1 更低。
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