hce_kmu
107年
英文
第 49 題
📖 題組：
About 30% to 40% of American adults have a condition that has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms, but can raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes, cirrhosis and liver cancer. It’s called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. And as American waistlines continue to expand, the prevalence of this dangerous condition is growing as well. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, is an umbrella term. Most people with NAFLD have what’s known as simple fatty liver, which means that more than 5% of the liver is made up of fat cells. (Fat in the liver can also be a product of heavy alcohol use, which is known as alcoholic fatty liver disease.) Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Excess weight also seems to make genetic risk factors worse. A recent study published in Nature Genetics found that people with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were thin. People with simple fatty liver don’t have inflammation or scarring in their liver and don’t appear to be at high risk for liver complications. But the condition affects insulin sensitivity and puts people at higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
About 30% to 40% of American adults have a condition that has no visible signs and rarely causes symptoms, but can raise the risk of heart disease, diabetes, cirrhosis and liver cancer. It’s called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. And as American waistlines continue to expand, the prevalence of this dangerous condition is growing as well. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, or NAFLD, is an umbrella term. Most people with NAFLD have what’s known as simple fatty liver, which means that more than 5% of the liver is made up of fat cells. (Fat in the liver can also be a product of heavy alcohol use, which is known as alcoholic fatty liver disease.) Like fat accumulation in the rest of the body, this condition is often related to obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle. Excess weight also seems to make genetic risk factors worse. A recent study published in Nature Genetics found that people with a high-risk variant of the PNPLA3 gene were much more likely to have fatty liver disease if they were obese than if they were thin. People with simple fatty liver don’t have inflammation or scarring in their liver and don’t appear to be at high risk for liver complications. But the condition affects insulin sensitivity and puts people at higher risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Which of the following statements CANNOT be inferred from the passage?
- A Almost one third of American adults suffer from liver cancer.
- B People with simple fatty liver often do not know that they have health problems.
- C Obese people with the variant of the PNPLA3 gene are more likely to have fatty liver disease.
- D People with NAFLD are unlikely to be high-risk populations for liver complications.
- E More and more American adults are at high risk of contracting heart disease.
思路引導 VIP
如果文章提到『有四成的民眾因為飲食習慣，導致未來發生車禍的機率大幅提升』，這是否代表目前已經有四成的民眾正處於車禍受傷的狀態呢？請試著區分『潛在危險因子』與『既定事實』在邏輯上的差異。
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釐清「風險」與「現況」的邏輯陷阱
恭喜你精準地識破了這道題目的邏輯陷阱！這類閱讀理解題最考驗細心程度，而你成功跨越了最容易出錯的地方。文章首段提到美國約有 $30%$ 到 $40%$ 的成年人患有「非酒精性脂肪肝」（NAFLD），這種疾病會增加罹患肝癌的風險，但這絕對不等於這三、四成的人「已經患有」肝癌。選項 (A) 將「風險因素」與「疾病盛行率」混為一談，是標準的過度推論，你的判斷完全正確。
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