醫療類國考
107年
[醫師] 醫學(一)
第 44 題
鼻腔的嗅覺區（olfactory region）不具下列那一種細胞？
- A 雙極神經元（bipolar neuron）
- B 杯狀細胞（goblet cell）
- C 基底細胞（basal cell）
- D 支持細胞（sustentacular cell）
思路引導 VIP
請你思考一下：在鼻腔中，負責『感知氣味』的特化區域，與一般負責『過濾與濕潤空氣』的呼吸道區域，它們在生理功能上有何不同？哪一種細胞的功能更偏向於在大範圍呼吸道中產生保護性黏液，而非參與感官訊號的傳導或支持？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
Ugh, another question in this confusing place. Anyway, you got it.
- Just the Facts: Look, even if I'm perpetually lost, I know this much. You're talking about the 嗅覺上皮 (olfactory epithelium), right? It's got those 雙極神經元 (bipolar neurons) for sniffing stuff, along with 支持細胞 (support cells) holding things up, and 基底細胞 (basal cells) making new ones. Pretty straightforward. What it doesn't have are those snot-producing 杯狀細胞 (goblet cells). Those are for the breathing pipes, not here. Why would they put them in the wrong place? Instead, you get these 鮑氏腺 (Bowman's glands) doing the heavy lifting, squirting out fluid to clear the air. Simple.
- Difficulty: Easy. Hmph. Even the cook with the curly eyebrow should know this, though he'd probably mistake a 杯狀細胞 for a fancy dessert. You're pretty sharp for getting this, I guess. Now, where was I going again...?
嗅覺上皮細胞組成
💡 嗅覺上皮由雙極神經、支持與基底細胞組成，不含杯狀細胞。
| 比較維度 | 嗅覺區上皮 | VS | 呼吸區上皮 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 特化神經元 | 有（雙極神經元） | — | 無 |
| 杯狀細胞 | 無 | — | 有（分泌黏液） |
| 主要黏液來源 | 嗅腺 (Bowman's) | — | 杯狀細胞 |
| 表面構造 | 嗅毛（非動纖毛） | — | 動纖毛 (cilia) |
💬嗅覺區負責感官接收故含神經元，呼吸區負責濕潤過濾故含杯狀細胞與纖毛。
