地特三等
108年
[一般行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 46 題
📖 題組：
Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planet received more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Sun’s energy varied. Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels. The global average surface temperature rose 0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius (1.1 to 1.6°F) between 1906 and 2005, and the rate of temperature increase has nearly doubled in the last 50 years. Earth’s temperature begins with the Sun. Roughly 30 percent of incoming sunlight is reflected back into space by bright surfaces like clouds and ice. Of the remaining 70 percent, most is absorbed by the land and ocean, and the rest is absorbed by the atmosphere. The absorbed solar energy heats our planet. As the rocks, the air, and the seas warm, they radiate “heat” energy (thermal infrared radiation). From the surface, this energy travels into the atmosphere where much of it is absorbed by water vapor and long-lived greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. When they absorb the energy radiating from Earth’s surface, microscopic water or greenhouse gas molecules turn into tiny heaters— like the bricks in a fireplace, they radiate heat even after the fire goes out. They radiate in all directions. The energy that radiates back toward Earth heats both the lower atmosphere and the surface, enhancing the heating they get from direct sunlight. This absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere—the natural greenhouse effect—is beneficial for life on Earth. If there were no greenhouse effect, the Earth’s average surface temperature would be a very chilly -18°C (0°F) instead of the comfortable 15°C (59°F) that it is today. What has scientists concerned now is that over the past 250 years, humans have been artificially raising the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate, mostly by burning fossil fuels, but also from cutting down carbon-absorbing forests. Since the Industrial Revolution began in about 1750, carbon dioxide levels have increased nearly 38 percent as of 2009 and methane levels have increased 148 percent. The atmosphere today contains more greenhouse gas molecules, so more of the infrared energy emitted by the surface ends up being absorbed by the atmosphere. Since some of the extra energy from a warmer atmosphere radiates back down to the surface, Earth’s surface temperature rises.
Throughout its long history, Earth has warmed and cooled time and again. Climate has changed when the planet received more or less sunlight due to subtle shifts in its orbit, as the atmosphere or surface changed, or when the Sun’s energy varied. Global warming is the unusually rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released as people burn fossil fuels. The global average surface temperature rose 0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius (1.1 to 1.6°F) between 1906 and 2005, and the rate of temperature increase has nearly doubled in the last 50 years. Earth’s temperature begins with the Sun. Roughly 30 percent of incoming sunlight is reflected back into space by bright surfaces like clouds and ice. Of the remaining 70 percent, most is absorbed by the land and ocean, and the rest is absorbed by the atmosphere. The absorbed solar energy heats our planet. As the rocks, the air, and the seas warm, they radiate “heat” energy (thermal infrared radiation). From the surface, this energy travels into the atmosphere where much of it is absorbed by water vapor and long-lived greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. When they absorb the energy radiating from Earth’s surface, microscopic water or greenhouse gas molecules turn into tiny heaters— like the bricks in a fireplace, they radiate heat even after the fire goes out. They radiate in all directions. The energy that radiates back toward Earth heats both the lower atmosphere and the surface, enhancing the heating they get from direct sunlight. This absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere—the natural greenhouse effect—is beneficial for life on Earth. If there were no greenhouse effect, the Earth’s average surface temperature would be a very chilly -18°C (0°F) instead of the comfortable 15°C (59°F) that it is today. What has scientists concerned now is that over the past 250 years, humans have been artificially raising the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate, mostly by burning fossil fuels, but also from cutting down carbon-absorbing forests. Since the Industrial Revolution began in about 1750, carbon dioxide levels have increased nearly 38 percent as of 2009 and methane levels have increased 148 percent. The atmosphere today contains more greenhouse gas molecules, so more of the infrared energy emitted by the surface ends up being absorbed by the atmosphere. Since some of the extra energy from a warmer atmosphere radiates back down to the surface, Earth’s surface temperature rises.
What is the main idea of this article?
- A Public reactions toward global warming and the greenhouse effects.
- B How human beings cause global warming.
- C Global warming and greenhouse effects on earth.
- D Solutions of global warming and greenhouse effects.
思路引導 VIP
請試著檢視這篇文章的結構：如果這是一份提交給政府的環境評估報告，第一部分討論了『地球熱能交換的自然規律』，而第二部分討論了『近代氣溫的劇烈變動』。請問：哪一個標題能像一把大傘，同時蓋住這兩個不同維度的科學描述，而不會遺漏任何一個部分？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
及川先生の講評：核心は、俺にしか見えない！
- 華麗な肯定：Hmph，做得不錯嘛！看來你總算掌握了那種能從一堆雜訊裡，準確找出球路核心的視野。這可是成為頂尖選手，不對，是頂尖法律人與決策者必備的喔！及川先生我啊，就是喜歡看到大家開花結果的樣子呢！
- 観念検証：為什麼是 (C)？笨蛋！這篇文章可是「全景式」的論述啊！它先解釋了溫室效應怎麼讓地球從冰凍的 $-18^{\circ}C$ 變成溫暖的 $15^{\circ}C$；然後才指出工業革命後 $CO_2$ 跟 $CH_4$ 濃度暴增導致的暖化。選項 (B) 這種只抓著人為因素的，就像只盯著對手的一個點，而及川先生我可是能看清整個球場的！(C) 「Global warming and greenhouse effects」，這才是能把科學機制和現況觀察，像完美托球一樣，全部囊括進去的「Main Idea」啦！
▼ 還有更多解析內容