普考申論題
108年
[衛生行政] 流行病學與生物統計學概要
第 四 題
說明下表生物統計分析方法及結果。（25 分）
表一（類別變數，n：CAD=124、Non-CAD=80）
| 變項 | CAD | Non CAD | Odds Ratio | 95% C.I. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex*** Male | 97 | 38 | 3.97 | 7.32-2.15 |
| Female | 27 | 42 | 1 | |
| Smoking** Ever | 75 | 25 | 3.37 | 6.11-1.86 |
| Yes | 58 | 24 | 2.71 | 5.00-1.47 |
| Cessation | 10 | 1 | 11.22 | 90.88-1.39 |
| Social | 7 | 0 | n.a. | |
| No | 49 | 55 | 1 | |
| Alcohol Ever | 49 | 25 | 1.44 | 2.61-0.79 |
| Yes | 12 | 6 | 1.47 | 4.15-0.52 |
| Cessation | 34 | 19 | 1.31 | 2.54-0.68 |
| Social | 3 | 0 | n.a. | |
| No | 75 | 55 | 1 | |
| Angina pectoris*** Yes | 118 | 54 | 9.47 | 24.35-3.68 |
| No | 6 | 26 | 1 | |
| Hypertension** Yes | 72 | 31 | 2.19 | 3.89-1.23 |
| No | 52 | 49 | 1 | |
| Diabetes mellitus* Yes | 39 | 14 | 2.16 | 4.31-1.08 |
| No | 85 | 66 | 1 | |
| Family Hypertension** Yes | 45 | 13 | 2.97 | 5.97-1.47 |
| No | 77 | 66 | 1 | |
| Unknown | 2 | 1 | | |
| Family CAD** Yes | 43 | 12 | 3.04 | 6.23-1.48 |
| No | 79 | 67 | 1 | |
| Unknown | 2 | 1 | | |
| Cardio-vascular diseases* Yes | 40 | 12 | 2.72 | 5.60-1.32 |
| No | 82 | 67 | 1 | |
| Unknown | 2 | 1 | | |
| Family Diabetes mellitus* Yes | 39 | 12 | 2.62 | 5.40-1.27 |
| No | 83 | 67 | 1 | |
| Unknown | 2 | 1 | | |
（*** p<0.001；** p<0.01；* p<0.05；n.a. non available）
表二（連續變數，CAD n=124、Non-CAD n=80）
| 變項 | CAD mean | CAD S.D. | Non-CAD Mean | Non-CAD S.D. | t | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age* | 62.2 | 8.92 | 59.4 | 10.41 | 2.05 | 0.042 |
| Body height (cm)** | 163.6 | 7.35 | 160.5 | 8.66 | 2.75 | 0.007 |
| Body weight (kg) | 68.1 | 9.86 | 65.6 | 11.99 | 1.59 | 0.113 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m²) | 25.5 | 3.56 | 25.5 | 4.40 | -0.02 | 0.987 |
| Glucose* | 121.0 | 55.68 | 104.9 | 39.71 | 2.22 | 0.027 |
| Total cholesterol** | 193.6 | 49.47 | 167.6 | 40.10 | 3.80 | 0.001 |
| triglyceride* | 185.7 | 116.32 | 151.4 | 92.39 | 2.17 | 0.032 |
| HDL-cholesterol | 41.6 | 12.90 | 47.1 | 14.30 | -1.46 | 0.150 |
| LDL-cholesterol | 115.1 | 47.27 | 99.1 | 30.00 | 1.34 | 0.186 |
| Blood urea nitrogen | 18.7 | 8.04 | 17.0 | 7.40 | 1.49 | 0.137 |
| Creatinine** | 1.3 | 0.85 | 1.0 | 0.34 | 2.63 | 0.009 |
| Uric acid | 7.1 | 2.22 | 7.6 | 4.56 | -1.03 | 0.303 |
| Total calcium | 8.6 | 1.03 | 8.7 | 0.47 | -0.36 | 0.390 |
| Inorganic phosphorus* | 1.6 | 0.95 | 1.0 | 0.30 | 2.63 | 0.009 |
| Aspartate transaminase | 27.1 | 21.29 | 28.4 | 27.92 | -0.38 | 0.704 |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 23.4 | 26.73 | 23.6 | 26.38 | -0.07 | 0.944 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 119.6 | 43.75 | 110.1 | 40.64 | 1.50 | 0.137 |
| Total bilirubin | 0.8 | 0.56 | 1.0 | 0.91 | -1.66 | 0.099 |
| Total protein | 6.8 | 0.93 | 7.0 | 0.72 | -1.71 | 0.090 |
| Albumin | 3.8 | 0.42 | 3.9 | 0.61 | -0.97 | 0.333 |
| Albumin/globulin ratio | 3.3 | 0.26 | 1.2 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.376 |
| Sodium | 144.6 | 5.27 | 145.2 | 3.58 | -0.55 | 0.586 |
| Potassium | 4.0 | 1.02 | 3.8 | 1.29 | 1.05 | 0.294 |
（*** p<0.001；** p<0.01；* p<0.05）
表一（類別變數，n：CAD=124、Non-CAD=80）
| 變項 | CAD | Non CAD | Odds Ratio | 95% C.I. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex*** Male | 97 | 38 | 3.97 | 7.32-2.15 |
| Female | 27 | 42 | 1 | |
| Smoking** Ever | 75 | 25 | 3.37 | 6.11-1.86 |
| Yes | 58 | 24 | 2.71 | 5.00-1.47 |
| Cessation | 10 | 1 | 11.22 | 90.88-1.39 |
| Social | 7 | 0 | n.a. | |
| No | 49 | 55 | 1 | |
| Alcohol Ever | 49 | 25 | 1.44 | 2.61-0.79 |
| Yes | 12 | 6 | 1.47 | 4.15-0.52 |
| Cessation | 34 | 19 | 1.31 | 2.54-0.68 |
| Social | 3 | 0 | n.a. | |
| No | 75 | 55 | 1 | |
| Angina pectoris*** Yes | 118 | 54 | 9.47 | 24.35-3.68 |
| No | 6 | 26 | 1 | |
| Hypertension** Yes | 72 | 31 | 2.19 | 3.89-1.23 |
| No | 52 | 49 | 1 | |
| Diabetes mellitus* Yes | 39 | 14 | 2.16 | 4.31-1.08 |
| No | 85 | 66 | 1 | |
| Family Hypertension** Yes | 45 | 13 | 2.97 | 5.97-1.47 |
| No | 77 | 66 | 1 | |
| Unknown | 2 | 1 | | |
| Family CAD** Yes | 43 | 12 | 3.04 | 6.23-1.48 |
| No | 79 | 67 | 1 | |
| Unknown | 2 | 1 | | |
| Cardio-vascular diseases* Yes | 40 | 12 | 2.72 | 5.60-1.32 |
| No | 82 | 67 | 1 | |
| Unknown | 2 | 1 | | |
| Family Diabetes mellitus* Yes | 39 | 12 | 2.62 | 5.40-1.27 |
| No | 83 | 67 | 1 | |
| Unknown | 2 | 1 | | |
（*** p<0.001；** p<0.01；* p<0.05；n.a. non available）
表二（連續變數，CAD n=124、Non-CAD n=80）
| 變項 | CAD mean | CAD S.D. | Non-CAD Mean | Non-CAD S.D. | t | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age* | 62.2 | 8.92 | 59.4 | 10.41 | 2.05 | 0.042 |
| Body height (cm)** | 163.6 | 7.35 | 160.5 | 8.66 | 2.75 | 0.007 |
| Body weight (kg) | 68.1 | 9.86 | 65.6 | 11.99 | 1.59 | 0.113 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m²) | 25.5 | 3.56 | 25.5 | 4.40 | -0.02 | 0.987 |
| Glucose* | 121.0 | 55.68 | 104.9 | 39.71 | 2.22 | 0.027 |
| Total cholesterol** | 193.6 | 49.47 | 167.6 | 40.10 | 3.80 | 0.001 |
| triglyceride* | 185.7 | 116.32 | 151.4 | 92.39 | 2.17 | 0.032 |
| HDL-cholesterol | 41.6 | 12.90 | 47.1 | 14.30 | -1.46 | 0.150 |
| LDL-cholesterol | 115.1 | 47.27 | 99.1 | 30.00 | 1.34 | 0.186 |
| Blood urea nitrogen | 18.7 | 8.04 | 17.0 | 7.40 | 1.49 | 0.137 |
| Creatinine** | 1.3 | 0.85 | 1.0 | 0.34 | 2.63 | 0.009 |
| Uric acid | 7.1 | 2.22 | 7.6 | 4.56 | -1.03 | 0.303 |
| Total calcium | 8.6 | 1.03 | 8.7 | 0.47 | -0.36 | 0.390 |
| Inorganic phosphorus* | 1.6 | 0.95 | 1.0 | 0.30 | 2.63 | 0.009 |
| Aspartate transaminase | 27.1 | 21.29 | 28.4 | 27.92 | -0.38 | 0.704 |
| Alanine aminotransferase | 23.4 | 26.73 | 23.6 | 26.38 | -0.07 | 0.944 |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 119.6 | 43.75 | 110.1 | 40.64 | 1.50 | 0.137 |
| Total bilirubin | 0.8 | 0.56 | 1.0 | 0.91 | -1.66 | 0.099 |
| Total protein | 6.8 | 0.93 | 7.0 | 0.72 | -1.71 | 0.090 |
| Albumin | 3.8 | 0.42 | 3.9 | 0.61 | -0.97 | 0.333 |
| Albumin/globulin ratio | 3.3 | 0.26 | 1.2 | 0.21 | 0.89 | 0.376 |
| Sodium | 144.6 | 5.27 | 145.2 | 3.58 | -0.55 | 0.586 |
| Potassium | 4.0 | 1.02 | 3.8 | 1.29 | 1.05 | 0.294 |
（*** p<0.001；** p<0.01；* p<0.05）
📝 此題為申論題
思路引導 VIP
這題給了兩個不同的統計報表，核心考點是「變數的屬性決定統計方法的選擇」。1. 先看左表：變數包含Sex, Smoking, Alcohol等，屬於「類別變數（Categorical variables）」，用來比較CAD（冠心病）與Non-CAD兩組的風險，報表提供了Odds Ratio (OR) 和 95% CI，這代表使用了「單變量邏輯斯迴歸（Logistic Regression）」或「卡方檢定/費雪精確檢定」。2. 再看右表：變數包含Age, Height, BMI, BP等，屬於「連續變數（Continuous variables）」，報表提供了Mean（平均數）、S.D.、t值與P-value，用來比較CAD與Non-CAD兩組的平均數差異，這代表使用了「獨立樣本t檢定（Independent two-sample t-test）」。作答時，應將左右兩表分開論述，先寫方法，再舉例說明顯著的危險因子。
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
【考點分析】 本題測驗依據「資料型態（連續或類別）」選擇適當統計分析方法的能力。需針對左表（類別變數）與右表（連續變數）分別論述其統計方法，並解讀冠狀動脈疾病（CAD）的危險因子。 【理論/法規依據】
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