特殊教育
108年
英文
第 23 題
📖 題組：
The term tile (called azulejo) comes from the Arabic word az-zulayj, meaning “polished stone.” The Moors, a member of the Muslim population, first brought this term to Portugal during their occupation. Although tiles are not a Portuguese invention, they have been used more imaginatively and consistently in Portugal than in any other nation. By the 18th century, Portugal produced tiles for a variety of purposes and in many different designs. Today, they still remain a very important part of the country’s architecture. Tiles often portray scenes from the history of this Western European country, show its most stunning sights, or simply serve as street signs, nameplates, or house numbers. In the 15th century, Spain had a great influence on Portuguese azulejos when King Manuel I decorated his palace with the same rich ceramic tiles as the ones he saw in the Alhambra palace of southern Spain. The first tiles were imported to Portugal, and they portrayed no human figures, only geometric patterns. In the 16th century, Portuguese artists began to produce tiles in their own country. Blue and yellow were the favorite color combination and tiles depicted mostly floral patterns or religious scenes. As the Portuguese empire expanded, more exotic themes and colors were adopted to make tiles. Towards the end of the 17th century blue tiles became popular. This was probably due to the craze for blue and white porcelain from China, which was being imported into Europe at this time. After the earthquake of 1755, there was a return to multi-colored tiles. It was about this time too that tiles were found to be an ideal construction material because they help to keep the damp out of buildings. In Lisbon, the rebuilt houses were covered in tiles, and this tradition continues today. In the early 20th century, azulejo art had fallen out of favor. The cultural elite despised it and thought it was for poor people. But an azulejo revival started in the 1950s, when Lisbon’s first metro station designers wanted a low-maintenance, easy way to have the underground spaces feel less separate from the outside world. Since then, tile art has been installed in numerous other metro stations.
The term tile (called azulejo) comes from the Arabic word az-zulayj, meaning “polished stone.” The Moors, a member of the Muslim population, first brought this term to Portugal during their occupation. Although tiles are not a Portuguese invention, they have been used more imaginatively and consistently in Portugal than in any other nation. By the 18th century, Portugal produced tiles for a variety of purposes and in many different designs. Today, they still remain a very important part of the country’s architecture. Tiles often portray scenes from the history of this Western European country, show its most stunning sights, or simply serve as street signs, nameplates, or house numbers. In the 15th century, Spain had a great influence on Portuguese azulejos when King Manuel I decorated his palace with the same rich ceramic tiles as the ones he saw in the Alhambra palace of southern Spain. The first tiles were imported to Portugal, and they portrayed no human figures, only geometric patterns. In the 16th century, Portuguese artists began to produce tiles in their own country. Blue and yellow were the favorite color combination and tiles depicted mostly floral patterns or religious scenes. As the Portuguese empire expanded, more exotic themes and colors were adopted to make tiles. Towards the end of the 17th century blue tiles became popular. This was probably due to the craze for blue and white porcelain from China, which was being imported into Europe at this time. After the earthquake of 1755, there was a return to multi-colored tiles. It was about this time too that tiles were found to be an ideal construction material because they help to keep the damp out of buildings. In Lisbon, the rebuilt houses were covered in tiles, and this tradition continues today. In the early 20th century, azulejo art had fallen out of favor. The cultural elite despised it and thought it was for poor people. But an azulejo revival started in the 1950s, when Lisbon’s first metro station designers wanted a low-maintenance, easy way to have the underground spaces feel less separate from the outside world. Since then, tile art has been installed in numerous other metro stations.
What were the most common patterns on azulejos in the 15th century?
- A Human figures.
- B Religious scenes.
- C Geometric patterns.
- D Flowers and animals.
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