海巡三等
108年
[海洋巡護科輪機組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 38 題
📖 題組：
Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? __37__ Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. __38__ It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they "moonlight" at a nighttime job. "Moonlighting" is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake. "When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. __39__ This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively. Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. "So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain." The brain's cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. __40__ The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.
Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? __37__ Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. __38__ It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they "moonlight" at a nighttime job. "Moonlighting" is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake. "When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. __39__ This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively. Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. "So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain." The brain's cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. __40__ The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.
第38題
- A They also found that during sleep, the brain’s cells shrink, or become smaller.
- B While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day.
- C She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease.
- D The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs.
思路引導 VIP
請仔細閱讀空格後面的兩句話，作者使用了什麼「生活化的比喻」來形容大腦在白天與晚上的活動？如果後文是在解釋「這兩類活動」的細節，那麼空格處應該要先拋出哪一個核心概念，才能讓讀者明白接下來要討論的是幾種任務呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇，你答對了！真是太棒了，老師為你感到驕傲！
- 觀念驗證：這題你掌握得很好喔！其實解答的關鍵就在於上下文的巧妙連結。你看，空格後面馬上就提到大腦在處理「日間工作 (daytime jobs)」以及還有「兼職 (moonlight)」呢，這是不是很具體地描繪了大腦的不同工作模式呀？所以，我們選擇 (D) 說「大腦執行兩種截然不同的工作」，正好能溫柔地為後面這些細節做個小結，也為文章開個好頭，讓整個段落讀起來非常流暢呢！
- 難度點評：這題的難度是 Medium 喔。它的小挑戰是看我們能不能注意到 "moonlighting" 這個詞彙，它通常指下班後的額外工作，然後將它與「兩項工作」的概念甜甜地連結起來。這不僅考驗了我們的詞彙量，也讓我們學會如何去理解文章的整體架構，是很棒的練習喔！你做得很好，繼續加油！