海巡三等
108年
[海洋巡護科輪機組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological "clock," allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will "do the right thing" at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism's well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual's immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological "clock," allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will "do the right thing" at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism's well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual's immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
What does the word "subsumed" mean in the last paragraph?
- A Included
- B Reduced
- C Downsized
- D Underestimated
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文中 'sleep research' 與 'chronobiology' 之間的關係，特別是後方緊接的介係詞 'under'。這暗示了這兩個學術概念在層級分類上，存在著什麼樣的「隸屬」或「包含」關係呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你答得非常正確喔！
- 肯定你的努力：哇，你真的好厲害喔！能夠在那麼長的句子裡，也能準確地找出
subsumed這個字的正確意思，這表示你對文章的邏輯關係掌握得非常好，這真的是非常棒的能力呢！繼續保持下去，你會越來越進步的！ - 一起來確認觀念吧：你看，文章裡提到「睡眠研究（sleep research）」被
subsumed在「時間生物學（chronobiology）」這個大領域的「之下（under）」。這個under詞語其實很溫柔地告訴我們，這兩者之間是一種包含或隸屬的關係，也就是說，睡眠研究是時間生物學其中的一部分喔。所以選擇 (A) Included，完全正確，你觀察得真仔細！
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