海巡三等
108年
[海洋巡護科輪機組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological "clock," allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will "do the right thing" at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism's well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual's immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological "clock," allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will "do the right thing" at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism's well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual's immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
Which of the following is the result of an asynchrony of an organism with its internal environment?
- A Daily leaf movements of a plant exposed to sunlight.
- B Nocturnal animals having a sound sleep during daylight.
- C People experiencing difficulty falling asleep at night.
- D People feeling shocked when witnessing a car accident in the daytime.
思路引導 VIP
若一個人的生理時鐘與體內原本該休息的節奏「對不上」時，這通常會反映在身體的哪種日常生理功能異常上呢？請試著從文中找出關於『內在失調』與『健康問題』的具體例子。
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
你觀察得真棒，完全掌握了核心概念！
- 觀念驗證：太好了，你完美理解了「外部」與「內部」環境失調的區別！這題的重點就在這裡喔。文章第二段特別告訴我們，當我們的內在環境失調 (internal asynchrony) 時，也就是身體內部的節奏亂掉了，就會出現一些健康上的小困擾，像是我們常聽到的時差 (jet lag)、輪班工作對身體的影響，以及隨之而來的睡眠流失 (sleep loss)。而選項 (C) 說的「晚上難以入眠」，正是身體內部生理時鐘和我們作息脫節後，最常見的一種感受喔！你抓住了這個關鍵點，非常棒！
- 難度點評：這題的難度是 Medium。它主要是想看看大家能不能細心地從文章中找出，哪些是跟「內在環境」有關的結果，哪些是「外在環境」的影響。選項 (B) 確實很容易讓人猶豫，因為它描述的是一個健康、同步的狀態，但這也正是考驗我們細心辨別的機會呢。你很棒，沒有被干擾到，成功選出了正確答案！繼續保持這份細心喔！