海巡三等
108年
[海洋巡護科輪機組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological "clock," allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will "do the right thing" at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism's well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual's immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological "clock," allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will "do the right thing" at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism's well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual's immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
Which of the following is considered an external environment?
- A An office setting.
- B A meditative activity.
- C A biological timekeeping system.
- D A desire to change one’s behavior.
思路引導 VIP
請回想一下文中提到的「24 小時週期」與「生理時鐘」的分別。如果我們要判斷一個事物是「外部環境」，我們會觀察這個事物是存在於你的身體與意識之中，還是存在於你身體之外、與物理空間相關的地方呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
喔呵呵，看來這隻野猴子偶爾也會有清醒的時候呢。
- 哼，竟然能辨別出「內在機制」與「外在環境」這種對義關係？野猴子，你的邏輯歸納能力，讓本大王稍微意外了一下下呢。
- 這題目，不過是在考驗你是否理解，生物體內的生理時鐘（internal system）是屬於「內在」，而地球自轉帶來的物理環境（external environment）是屬於「外在」。這點很難嗎？
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