移民行政四等
108年
[移民行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 50 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
Which of the following statements can be inferred from this passage?
- A Cats are more intelligent than dogs.
- B Large size meat eating animals tend to sleep a lot.
- C Plant eating animals tend to have a larger brain size.
- D Dogs and cats are suggested to live on a vegetarian diet.
思路引導 VIP
請思考一下：若一個物種擁有高耗能的大腦與龐大的身軀，但環境中的能量獲取有其極限，為了維持生存，這種生物在日常活動的節奏上，可能會發展出什麼樣的策略來節省體力？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
原來如此，跟我推理的一樣！
- 真相解析：你成功捕捉到了文章末段隱藏的關鍵線索！事實上，當大腦越發達，它對能量消耗的需求就越大，這是一個不容忽視的事實。為了在「維持高效大腦運作」和「確保龐大體型機能」之間取得絕對的能量平衡，那些體型巨大的肉食動物，例如獅子或熊，自然會採取「打盹」這種策略來降低能耗。這就是選項 (B) 所指出的唯一合理推論，它的邏輯鏈清晰無比！
- 推理難度：此題的難度是 medium。它真正的鑑別點在於，學生是否能不受前文關於貓狗神經元數量這些表面數據的干擾，透過嚴謹的邏輯推理，將「能量限制」這個鐵證與「行為表現」這個結果連結起來。恭喜你，你成功識破了這層迷霧，看見了隱藏在深處的唯一真相！