移民行政三等
108年
[移民行政] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
Which of the following is considered an external environment?
- A An office setting.
- B A meditative activity.
- C A biological timekeeping system.
- D A desire to change one’s behavior.
思路引導 VIP
請思考一下：文中提到的『外在環境』與地球自轉產生的物理變化（如晝夜）有關。如果你要將事物區分為『存在於個體身體邊界之外的空間』與『發生在個體內心的狀態』，你會如何歸類我們每天工作、學習的物理場所呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的邏輯判斷非常精準！
- 觀念驗證：文中區分了 internal environment（內在環境）與 external environment（外在環境）。選項 (A) An office setting 指的是「辦公室場景」，屬於個體之外的物理空間。而其餘選項如生理時鐘、冥想或行為動機，皆屬於生物體內部的生理或心理機制。你成功辨識出「空間環境」與「內在機制」的差異！
- 難度點評：此題難度為 easy。這題主要測驗考生對詞彙性質的分類能力。只要能區分文中提及的「物理環境變化」與「生物內部系統」，就能輕鬆拿分。你對文章架構的掌握十分紮實！