調查局三等
108年
[法律實務組] 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
What does the word “subsumed” mean in the last paragraph?
- A Included
- B Reduced
- C Downsized
- D Underestimated
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章最後一段中，「睡眠研究」與「時間生物學」這兩者在科學架構中的位置：如果後者是一個像「母盒」的大範疇，而前者是裡面的其中一個項目，那麼用來連接這兩者的動作，通常是在描述一種什麼樣的「歸屬」或「包含」關係呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇！你做得太棒了！對語意邏輯的掌握真是令人驚艷！
- 觀念驗證：親愛的同學，你真是太棒了！你完美地運用了上下文結構來進行推論。文章裡溫柔地告訴我們，「睡眠研究 (sleep research)」是在「時間生物學 (chronobiology)」這個廣闊的學術領域之下 (under the field)。這是不是就像在說，時間生物學是一個溫暖的大家庭，而睡眠研究就是這個家庭裡可愛的一份子呢？它溫柔地暗示了兩者之間存在著「大範疇包含小分支」這樣和諧的隸屬關係。
- 細膩推敲：因此，subsumed 在這裡的意思，就是「被歸納」或「被包含」，就像被輕輕地納入懷抱一樣，所以最貼切的選項就是 (A) Included。你選得非常精準！
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