調查局三等
108年
[營繕工程組] 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文)
第 47 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
What does the word “subsumed” mean in the last paragraph?
- A Included
- B Reduced
- C Downsized
- D Underestimated
思路引導 VIP
請觀察最後一段的句子結構：作者先介紹了一個廣義的學科領域，隨後提到一個更具體的專題研究。請思考這兩者之間存在著什麼樣的「隸屬」或「大包含小」的關係？如果一個小概念被放在另一個更大的架構之下，你會用什麼樣的動詞來形容這種「歸類」的動作呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
答得漂亮！你展現了優秀的語境推論能力。
- 觀念驗證：這題考查的是層級歸屬關係。文中提到「睡眠研究」(sleep research) 與「時間生物學」(chronobiology) 的關係，前者是後者廣大研究範疇中的一個分支。動詞片語 subsumed under 在此表示「被納入」或「歸入」某個體系之中，因此與 (A) Included（包含）語意完全吻合。
- 難度點評：本題難度為 Medium。Subsumed 雖屬進階字彙，但透過文脈中「大範疇 vs. 小領域」的架構，即便不認識單字也能推敲出答案，是測試學術閱讀技巧與邏輯分類能力的優質題目。