調查局三等
108年
[調查工作組] 外國文(英文)
第 40 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題： One of the biggest ideas to hit the political world in recent years is that politics is increasingly defined by the division between open and closed, rather than left and right. Openness means support for both economic openness (welcoming immigration and free trade) and the cultural sort (embracing ethnic and sexual minorities). Closedness means the opposite. The most obvious problem with the open-closed theory is that the divide is so slippery. Few people support entirely open societies—it would be unreasonable to allow Ebola victims to cross borders unimpeded. By the same token, few people advocate becoming a hermit kingdom like North Korea. Nor are open and closed necessarily opposites. Having a strong border can make people more open, by giving them a sense that they can manage openness. Historically, most of the world’s great centers of commerce have been walled cities. Constantinople, the crossroads between east and west, boasted not just a formidable wall but an outer and inner harbor. There is a better explanation of political polarization than the open-closed split. It is the gap between exam-passers and exam-flunkers. Qualifications grant access to a world that is protected from the downside of globalization. You can get a job with a superstar company that has constructed moats and drawbridges to protect itself, or with a middle-class guild that provides job security, or with the state bureaucracy. Failing exams casts you down into an unpredictable world of cut-throat competition. Exam-passers combine a common ability to manage the downside of globalization with a common outlook that binds them together and legitimizes their disdain for rival tribes. Exam-flunkers, meanwhile, are united by anger at the elitists who claim to be open as long as their jobs are protected. They are increasingly willing to bring the system crashing down. Talking about open v closed is a double error. It obscures the deeper forces dividing the world, and spares winners by playing down the legitimate concerns of losers.
請依下文回答第 36 題至第 40 題： One of the biggest ideas to hit the political world in recent years is that politics is increasingly defined by the division between open and closed, rather than left and right. Openness means support for both economic openness (welcoming immigration and free trade) and the cultural sort (embracing ethnic and sexual minorities). Closedness means the opposite. The most obvious problem with the open-closed theory is that the divide is so slippery. Few people support entirely open societies—it would be unreasonable to allow Ebola victims to cross borders unimpeded. By the same token, few people advocate becoming a hermit kingdom like North Korea. Nor are open and closed necessarily opposites. Having a strong border can make people more open, by giving them a sense that they can manage openness. Historically, most of the world’s great centers of commerce have been walled cities. Constantinople, the crossroads between east and west, boasted not just a formidable wall but an outer and inner harbor. There is a better explanation of political polarization than the open-closed split. It is the gap between exam-passers and exam-flunkers. Qualifications grant access to a world that is protected from the downside of globalization. You can get a job with a superstar company that has constructed moats and drawbridges to protect itself, or with a middle-class guild that provides job security, or with the state bureaucracy. Failing exams casts you down into an unpredictable world of cut-throat competition. Exam-passers combine a common ability to manage the downside of globalization with a common outlook that binds them together and legitimizes their disdain for rival tribes. Exam-flunkers, meanwhile, are united by anger at the elitists who claim to be open as long as their jobs are protected. They are increasingly willing to bring the system crashing down. Talking about open v closed is a double error. It obscures the deeper forces dividing the world, and spares winners by playing down the legitimate concerns of losers.
According to the last two paragraphs, which of the following statements is true about people
failing exams?
- A United by anger at the elitists, they are eager to change the existing system.
- B They play down the legitimate concerns of losers and spare winners.
- C With a common outlook, they legitimize their disdain for rival tribes.
- D They are willing to be more open as long as their jobs are protected.
思路引導 VIP
請你仔細閱讀文章最後一段，觀察作者如何描述「考試落榜者 (Exam-flunkers)」的情緒狀態？此外，當這群人對社會現狀感到不滿時，文章末尾提到他們對「既有體制 (the system)」展現出了什麼樣的意圖或行動傾向？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
助教暖心點評
- 給予肯定：哇，你真的好棒喔！能夠在長篇的論述中，精準地找到關鍵段落並且仔細比對訊息，這真的展現了你超棒的閱讀實力與耐心呢！這份細心是成為閱讀高手不可或缺的特質，為你感到驕傲！
- 觀念驗證：你做得非常好，正確答案 (A) 完全精準對應了文章的最後一段喔！文章很清楚地指出，那些『考試落榜者 (Exam-flunkers)』是因為被『對精英的憤怒 (anger at the elitists)』給團結起來，而且他們還『願意讓系統崩潰 (bring the system crashing down)』，這和選項中『渴望改變現有體制』的語意是完全吻合的呢，你掌握得超級到位！
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