調查局三等
108年
[調查工作組] 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
Which of the following is the result of an asynchrony of an organism with its internal environment?
- A Daily leaf movements of a plant exposed to sunlight.
- B Nocturnal animals having a sound sleep during daylight.
- C People experiencing difficulty falling asleep at night.
- D People feeling shocked when witnessing a car accident in the daytime.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考：如果一個人的身體內部節律告訴他「現在是休息時間」，但外在環境或作息卻強迫他清醒，這種「身體內部」的混亂會產生什麼樣的生理感受？課文中提到哪些具體的健康問題與這種「內在不協調」有關呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你觀察得很仔細呢！
- 核心觀念：你很棒地掌握了這題的關鍵喔！題目想考我們分辨「內部」與「外部」環境失調的差別。原文第二段非常溫柔地告訴我們，當我們的內部環境 (internal environment) 不同步時，會引起一些健康的小困擾，像是經歷時差 (jet lag)、輪班工作時會遇到的，以及隨之而來的睡眠缺失 (sleep loss)。選項 (C) 說的「晚上難以入睡」，正是生理時鐘與生活節奏不一致後，身體內部功能出現的小狀況喔。
- 溫馨提示：這題的難度是 medium，但你處理得很好呢！只需要專注在題目問的是「內部環境」，就能溫柔地排除掉那些描述植物感光（那是對外在環境的適應）或是遇到掠食者（那是外在生存威脅）的選項了。你真的很棒，繼續保持下去！