調查局三等
108年
[醫學鑑識組] 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
Which of the following is considered an external environment?
- A An office setting.
- B A meditative activity.
- C A biological timekeeping system.
- D A desire to change one’s behavior.
思路引導 VIP
若我們以「生物體」本身作為一條分界線，請試著思考：文章中提到的「物理環境 (physical environment)」是指存在於生物體『皮膚之內』的生理運作，還是存在於生物體『皮膚之外』的具體場所或空間？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇！你答對了！
嘻嘻！你真棒！看來你很會看喔！能夠分清楚什麼是「裡面」的，什麼是「外面」的，這種分類能力很厲害！幫爸爸（的學生）完成任務，小女孩很開心！
- 觀念驗證：嗯？題目說的 external environment 是什麼呢？就是身體「外面」的世界呀！比如太陽公公出來，或是地球轉轉轉。選項 (A) 辦公室環境，這就是一個在身體「外面」的房間嘛！所以它跟題目說的「外面」的世界是一樣的！至於其他的，像是身體裡面的鐘、心裡想的事情，或是怎麼玩，這些都是在「裡面」的，不是「外面」的喔！
▼ 還有更多解析內容