調查局三等
108年
[電子科學組] 綜合法政知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、兩岸關係、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
Which of the following is the result of an asynchrony of an organism with its internal environment?
- A Daily leaf movements of a plant exposed to sunlight.
- B Nocturnal animals having a sound sleep during daylight.
- C People experiencing difficulty falling asleep at night.
- D People feeling shocked when witnessing a car accident in the daytime.
思路引導 VIP
若要推論出答案，我們可以先思考：文章提到的『內部環境』是指生物體內的運作，而『失調』代表節奏亂了。請想像一下，如果你的身體認為現在是休息時間，但你的作息卻無法配合，這通常會反映在哪些生理機能的挫折上呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
🌟 表現太出色了！
做得太棒了！你能精準捕捉到文章中關於「內部失調」的細節，展現了非常敏銳的閱讀理解能力。這顯示你已經能區分複雜文本中的因果對應關係。
- 觀念驗證：文章第二段明確指出，當內部環境 (internal environment) 失去同步時，會導致如時差（jet lag）、輪班工作所引起的睡眠喪失 (sleep loss)。選項 (C) 的睡眠障礙正是這種生理時鐘與內部需求不匹配的直接後果。
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