司法四等
108年
[法院書記官] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 46 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： Researchers at Vanderbilt University decided to find out how intelligent various animals are. To rightly compare brain power in species, it isn’t enough to weigh brain tissue. You must take into account the brain relative to the organism’s size. But this may fall short of evaluating actual intelligence. Neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel said, “I believe the absolute number of neurons an animal has determined the richness of their internal mental state and their ability to predict what is about to happen in their environment based on past experience.” She and her colleagues found that meat eaters have about the same number of neurons as plant eaters. That means plant eaters need as much brain power to escape from predators as meat eaters need to catch them. How do cats and dogs measure up? Previous findings had cats ahead at 300 million neurons to dogs roughly 160 million. In this latest study, however, dogs were on top, with 530 million neurons to cats 250 million. Just for comparison, humans have around 16 billion such neurons. Even so, dogs were way above other meat eaters in the brain power department. Having a bigger brain has a downside, researchers have found. “Meat eating is largely considered a problem-solver in terms of energy,” Herculano-Houzel said, “but in retrospect, it is clear that meat eating animals must impose a delicate balance between how much brain and body a species can afford.” This may be why you often see large predators like lions and bears dozing.
Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to the word “species”?
- A Various food.
- B Various eaters.
- C Various animals.
- D Various brain power.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章的第一段與第三段：研究人員正在比較貓、狗、獅子和熊。如果我們要用一個總稱來概括這些會呼吸、有大腦、具備生命現象的生物群體，你會用哪一個詞彙來描述它們？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你的觀察力非常敏銳！
- 觀念驗證：在生物學中，species 指的是「物種」。文章開頭提到研究人員想找出各種 animals（動物）的聰明程度，後文則具體列舉了貓、狗、獅子、熊等。因此，這裡的 species 指的就是這些被研究的「不同種類的動物」。
- 難度點評：本題難度為 easy。這是一道典型的語意銜接題，測試學生是否能從上下文（Context Clues）推論出名詞的含義。只要能看出文中比較的對象是「動物」，就能輕鬆答對。