司法三等
108年
[司法事務官營繕工程組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 46 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
What is the best topic of this passage?
- A The Foundation of Chronobiology.
- B The Feature of Life Cycle.
- C The Internal and External Environments.
- D The Overview of Biological Mechanism.
思路引導 VIP
請試著觀察每一段的主題句：第一段提到體內的「計時系統」，第二段探討該系統對「生存」的影響，第三段則介紹研究此現象的「科學領域」。如果要把這三個部分——現象、功能、學科——串連起來，你覺得作者是想帶領讀者認識什麼樣的核心概念呢？
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- 觀念驗證：這篇文章從生物應對晝夜的生理機制（內在生理時鐘）出發，探討其對生存與健康的重要性，最後延伸至學術研究的領域範疇（時間生物學）。選項 (D) 使用「Overview（概論）」一詞，完美涵蓋了文中從現象、功能到學科發展的整體架構。
- 難度點評：本題難度為 Medium。其鑑別度在於測試學生是否能「跨段落整合」，而非只看局部。若只看第三段可能會誤選 (A)，若只看第二段則會誤選 (C)；你能精準選出 (D)，代表你具備優秀的全文通盤理解能力！