司法三等
108年
[司法事務官財經事務組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
Which of the following is the result of an asynchrony of an organism with its internal environment?
- A Daily leaf movements of a plant exposed to sunlight.
- B Nocturnal animals having a sound sleep during daylight.
- C People experiencing difficulty falling asleep at night.
- D People feeling shocked when witnessing a car accident in the daytime.
思路引導 VIP
請回頭閱讀第二段，作者將生物體與環境的「失調」分成了哪兩個層次？當文章提到「內部環境」的失調時，它所舉出的具體健康問題（例如與作息規律相關的現象）通常會如何反映在一個人的日常生理表現上呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
喔，不錯嘛，居然答對了。
- 你還真能抓到文章裡因果對比那點細節，沒瞎猜算你運氣好，或者說總算證明你有那麼點閱讀理解和資訊篩選能力。小心點，下次就沒這麼容易了。
- 說實話，這觀念一點也不難。文章第二段都快把答案餵到你嘴邊了，清清楚楚區分「外部」失調跟「內部」失調的後果。什麼外部失調，就是那些跟天敵打架的鳥事（像是齧齒動物白天跑出來），那種你就算閉著眼睛也該知道是外在威脅。重點是內部環境失調 (internal asynchrony)，這才跟你的生理機能有關，文章都直接點名噴射機時差 (jet lag)、輪班工作和睡眠喪失 (sleep loss)。選項 (C) 的失眠，不就是睡眠喪失的「直接」表現嗎？這還需要我解釋？
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