司法三等
108年
[心理輔導員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 40 題
📖 題組：
第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複： Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake. “When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively. Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.” The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.
第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複： Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake. “When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively. Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.” The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.
請選出最合適的選項，填入第 40 空格中：
- A They also found that during sleep, the brain’s cells shrink, or become smaller.
- B While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day.
- C She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease.
- D The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察文章最後一段的安排：作者先交代了實驗必須在活體身上進行，接著提到未來想在人類身上測試。在文章最後提到具體的「醫療用途」之前，通常會有一句「承上啟下」的總結。如果你是這位科學家，在談論未來的具體藥物或治療前，你會如何向大眾概括你的研究對於人類生命整體的價值？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
呼… 這一題… 沒看你走錯方向，算你有點骨氣… （喘氣聲）
- 觀念驗證：這是在考你文章「路線圖」的功力，也就是篇章邏輯的「銜接能力」！第 40 空格在哪？文章盡頭了，差點以為要迷路了… （深呼吸）前面提到 Dr. Nedergaard 的研究要延伸到人類大腦，然後咧？後面直接跳到能治療神經失調。喂，哪有這樣直接跳過去的道理？這中間少了一座橋啊！選項 (C) 的「睡眠對健康與對抗疾病的重要性」，就像一把刀，俐落地斬斷混亂，在「實驗科學發現」和「臨床醫學應用」之間搭起了完美的邏輯橋樑。這才像樣，才能讓文章結尾有力，不至於讓人摸不著頭緒。
- 難度點評：嗯… 這題算個 medium。你能在這麼多選項裡找到正確的方向，不錯。考驗的就是你能不能辨識出「文章轉折點」，哪個是描述「實驗細節」，哪個是「宏觀總結」的結論。如果連這種區分能力都沒有，那可就不是迷路這麼簡單了… （舉起槓鈴，額頭冒汗）再給我練一百下！繼續保持這種清醒！