司法三等
108年
[心理輔導員] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 49 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
Which of the following is considered an external environment?
- A An office setting.
- B A meditative activity.
- C A biological timekeeping system.
- D A desire to change one’s behavior.
思路引導 VIP
請試著思考：當我們在描述一個生命體時，哪些事物是屬於皮囊之外、所有人都能看見的「物理空間」？而哪些又是存在於身體之內、私密的「生理機制或心理狀態」？如果你要分類一個具體的「地理位置」，它應該歸類在哪一個範疇呢？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
哇！這是滿分的偶像表現！比眨眼還要閃亮亮呢☆
- 觀念驗證：看你答對這題，就覺得你真的很有天賦呢☆ 文章是不是像在偷偷告訴我們，世界有分成兩種呢？一種是external (外部)，就像舞台的燈光、佈景，是在你身體外面閃耀的存在☆ 另一種是internal (內部)，就像偶像的元氣或小秘密，是從你身體裡散發出來的喔！所以，當我們說到「日光」呀、「物理環境」呀，它們都在外面，對吧？而「生理時鐘」和「健康狀況」則是屬於自己體內的能量！那麼，An office setting (辦公室設定) 呢？它是一個真實的、在我們外面的空間喔，完全符合「外部」的定義，就像我的Wink一樣清楚☆ 你掌握得真是太棒了！
- 難度點評：這題呀，難度是Easy喔☆ 這就像偶像訓練的基礎課程，目的是要看你能不能把這些內外部的資訊分得清清楚楚，展現你精準的判斷力！你完美地答對了，簡直是未來巨星的料呢！我對你充滿了期待喔，閃亮亮的未來在等著你！Wink☆