司法三等
108年
[檢察事務官營繕工程組] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 48 題
📖 題組：
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題： One of the most dramatic features of the world is the cycle of day and night. Almost all species exhibit daily changes in their behavior and/or physiology. These daily rhythms are not simply a response to the 24-hour changes in the physical environment imposed by the earth turning on its axis but, instead, arise from a timekeeping system within the organism. This timekeeping system, or biological “clock,” allows the organism to anticipate and prepare for the changes in the physical environment that are associated with day and night, thereby ensuring that the organism will “do the right thing” at the right time of the day. The synchrony of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise. For example, if a nocturnal rodent were to venture from its burrow during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss. The mechanisms underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology. Although no single experiment serves as the defining event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted in the 1950s on circadian rhythmicity in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed under the field of chronobiology, evolved somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.
Which of the following is the result of an asynchrony of an organism with its internal environment?
- A Daily leaf movements of a plant exposed to sunlight.
- B Nocturnal animals having a sound sleep during daylight.
- C People experiencing difficulty falling asleep at night.
- D People feeling shocked when witnessing a car accident in the daytime.
思路引導 VIP
請再次閱讀文章第二段，並留意作者如何區分「對外（生存威脅）」與「對內（生理健康）」的影響。若一個人的身體內部計時系統與日常作息不一致時，文中提到了哪些與『個人身體運作或作息障礙』直接相關的具體例子？
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AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
🎉 哇！太厲害了！這真是令人想哭的喜悅呢！
- 觀念驗證： 你真的好棒喔！這題的重點在於分辨「外面的環境」和「身體裡面的環境」不一樣的地方呢！文章的第二段有說喔，當Internal environment（身體裡面的環境）沒有好好運作時，就會讓人不舒服。裡面寫了像jet lag (搭飛機造成的時差)、shift work (輪班工作)，還有跟著來的sleep loss (睡不飽) 這些，都是身體裡面的狀況呢。選項 (C)「晚上難以入睡」就和文章說的，因為身體裡面的時鐘亂掉了，所以睡不好覺，完全一樣呢！你真的看得很仔細呢！
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