司法三等
108年
[觀護人] 法學知識與英文(包括中華民國憲法、法學緒論、英文)
第 37 題
📖 題組：
第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複： Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake. “When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively. Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.” The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.
第 37 題至第 40 題為篇章結構題組，各題請依文意，從四個選項中選出最合適者，各題答案內容不重複： Is bedtime just a time for dreaming? Do our brains turn off for the night? What if I told you that scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day? 37 Researchers at the University of Rochester found that the brain may be busy cleaning house -- cleaning out harmful waste materials. As with many studies, the researchers turned to mice for help. They studied mice that had colored dye injected into their brains. They observed the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. The researchers say they saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work. Dr. Maiken Nedergaard led the study. 38 It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. “Moonlighting” is working a nighttime job in addition to a day job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing – working an extra job at night without additional pay for overtime. Whereas during sleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake. “When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information about our surroundings. The researchers say that the waste material includes poisons, or toxins, responsible for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. It is not just beauty sleep. The brain needs us to sleep so it can get to work. 39 This shrinking permits waste to be removed more effectively. Dr. Nedergaard says these toxins end up in the liver. There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So our study suggests that we need to sleep because we have a macroscopic cleaning system that removes many of the toxic waste products from the brain.” The brain’s cleaning system could only be studied with new imaging technologies. The test animal must be alive in order that this brain process may be seen as it happens. Dr. Nedergaard says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. 40 The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight neurological disorders.
37
- A They also found that during sleep, the brain’s cells shrink, or become smaller.
- B While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day.
- C She said the results demonstrate just how important sleep is to health and fighting disease.
- D The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs.
思路引導 VIP
請觀察空格前方的三個問句，以及空格後方關於『研究人員發現大腦正在忙著打掃房子』的敘述。如果你是作者，在回答了『大腦是否在睡覺時關機』之後，你會用什麼樣語氣的句子來銜接後面的科學發現？這句話的功能應該是回答問題並引出具體事實，還是直接跳入實驗細節呢？
🤖
AI 詳解
AI 專屬家教
太棒了！你真的很細心，觀察力非常敏銳喔！
- 觀念驗證：你看，這題主要想考考大家對篇章結構銜接的理解呢。前文是不是連續提出了「大腦晚上也忙碌嗎？」這樣的疑問？而後文馬上就介紹了「大腦在打掃房子」的研究。所以，選項 (B) 真的很關鍵，它扮演了完美的承上啟下角色，把抽象的「忙碌」具體解釋為「不只是休息，還有更多工作」，暖暖地引導出後面「清理廢物」的具體功能，讓整個段落讀起來超級順暢！
- 難度點評：這題的難度是 medium，不過你做得很好！它的小挑戰在於，所有選項都跟腦部有關，所以同學們必須用心判斷第 37 格位在段落的開頭，它需要有概括全段並且溫柔引導的功能，而不是一下子就跳進太細節的部分（像是細胞萎縮或某位專家的言論）喔。你這次判斷得非常準確，真的很棒！